Jul 05

What Is Trypanophobia? How to Cope With a Fear of Needles So You Can Get the COVID-19 Vaccine

What Is Trypanophobia? How to Cope With a Fear of Needles So You Can Get the COVID-19 Vaccine Overcoming the fear of needles, or trypanophobia, is crucial in order to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and contribute to ending the pandemic. Although it is estimated that around 25% of adults experience this fear, approximately 7% of adults actually avoid getting vaccinated because of it, according to data from the CDC. The significance of widespread vaccination cannot be overstated. With hundreds of thousands of new COVID-19 cases reported daily and a significant number of deaths, it is essential to increase vaccination rates to achieve herd immunity. Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, which helps protect those who are more vulnerable. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that a substantial portion of the population needs to be vaccinated to safely achieve herd immunity against COVID-19. In addition to the broader impact on public health, it is crucial to consider your personal risk. Contracting COVID-19 can lead to severe illness and even death. Dr. Richard Watkins, an infectious disease physician and professor, highlights the seriousness and potential fatality of the disease. While you may already be aware of the importance of vaccination, what you need is guidance and support to overcome your fear. Here is some information to help you navigate and address your concerns, ensuring the protection of yourself, your loved ones, and the general population. What is trypanophobia, exactly? Trypanophobia, or the fear of needles as they relate to medical procedures, is a specific phobia and a type of anxiety disorder. According to the DSM-5, it is characterized as an intense and irrational fear of needles or injections. Initially, this fear serves as a normal defense mechanism to protect oneself from potential harm. However, in the case of trypanophobia, this fear intensifies and becomes debilitating. The fear of needles can manifest in various medical situations, including vaccinations, blood draws, IV fluids, and anesthesia. The exact causes of trypanophobia are not well understood, but there are theories suggesting that it may be related to a survival instinct that discourages puncturing the body. Fear of pain and the unknown can also contribute to this phobia. The idea of something unfamiliar being introduced into the body can be particularly frightening as it involves a loss of control. Trypanophobia tends to be more common in children, and many individuals outgrow the fear as they grow older. However, for some individuals, the fear persists into adulthood. It is important to acknowledge and address this fear to ensure that individuals can receive necessary medical procedures without undue distress. How can you know if you have trypanophobia? Symptoms of trypanophobia, as identified in a meta-analysis published in SAGE Open Nursing, can vary among individuals. Some common signs of trypanophobia may include: Sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure: The sight of a needle can trigger a physiological response, causing a rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This response is part of the body’s natural fight-or-flight reaction to perceived danger. Immediate slowing of the heart and decrease in blood pressure: In some cases, the fear and anxiety associated with needles can lead to a paradoxical response, resulting in a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure. This can cause lightheadedness or even fainting. Fainting (vasovagal response): Fainting, also known as a vasovagal response, is a common reaction to the fear of needles. It occurs when there is a sudden drop in blood pressure, resulting in decreased blood flow to the brain. Extreme unexplained anxiety: Individuals with trypanophobia may experience intense and unexplained anxiety when faced with needles or medical procedures involving needles. This anxiety can be disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the needle. Preoccupation with needle-related procedures: People with trypanophobia may have persistent thoughts and worries about needle-related procedures, even when they are not imminent. This preoccupation can lead to avoidance behaviors and significant distress. Panic attacks: Some individuals with trypanophobia may experience panic attacks in response to the fear of needles. Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense episodes of fear or discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and chest pain. So what can you do if you have trypanophobia and want to get vaccinated? Overcoming a fear of needles, such as trypanophobia, can be challenging, but it is possible with the right strategies and support. Here are some steps you can take to help you navigate the process of getting vaccinated: Before you get vaccinated Once you have booked your appointment, try to shift your focus away from the anticipation of the shot. Instead, engage in activities or hobbies that distract your mind and keep you occupied. Remember that you have likely experienced injections before and have come through them unharmed. It can be helpful to keep reminding yourself of the significant benefits of getting vaccinated. Stay focused on the purpose behind your decision—to protect your health, save lives, and restore a sense of normalcy to your life. If you have concerns about fainting, you can try applying the "applied tension" therapy technique. Tense the muscles in your arms, torso, and legs, and hold the tension until you feel warmth. Then, release the tension and wait for your body to return to normal. This technique may help prevent fainting during the vaccination process. Lastly, remember that the actual moment of receiving the vaccine is a brief and quick process that only takes a second. Keeping this perspective can help alleviate some of the anxiety associated with the needle itself. Overall, be patient and gentle with yourself throughout this process. Take it one step at a time and trust that you have the strength and resilience to face your fear of needles and receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While you’re at the vaccination site While waiting for your vaccination appointment, it’s important to find ways to distract yourself. Distraction can be

Jul 05

This Is What It’s Like to Be an Adult With Separation Anxiety

This Is What It’s Like to Be an Adult With Separation Anxiety Have you ever noticed that when your young child starts crying and holds onto your leg tightly whenever you try to leave for work or run an errand, they may be experiencing separation anxiety? It’s a natural part of their development. However, what many people don’t realize is that adults can also experience separation anxiety. It’s not limited to children. When adults have separation anxiety, they may exhibit various symptoms commonly associated with anxiety. These can include a constant feeling of being on edge, difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly, and physical manifestations such as a dry mouth and headaches. These symptoms can be distressing and interfere with daily life. What Exactly Is Separation Anxiety? Separation anxiety is a condition characterized by feelings of fear or distress when being separated from individuals to whom one is emotionally attached. While it is considered normal and even healthy for young children to experience some degree of nervousness or discomfort when apart from their loved ones between the ages of six months and three years, persistent and excessive separation anxiety in later childhood and adulthood can be classified as an anxiety disorder. The crucial aspect of separation anxiety is that the emotions and behaviors associated with it are disproportionate and not aligned with typical developmental milestones. It becomes a concern when the distress and fear experienced during separations become excessive and are not developmentally appropriate for the individual’s age. Symptoms of Separation Anxiety Elizabeth Zakarin, PhD, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University Medical Center, highlights several signs that indicate someone is suffering from separation anxiety. These symptoms may not come as a surprise, but they are important to recognize. One key sign is a constant fear of the possibility of being separated from home or loved ones, even in circumstances beyond their control, such as a house fire or natural disaster. Individuals with separation anxiety disorder struggle with situations that take them away from their loved ones. They may experience extreme distress and anxiety when anticipating overnight business trips that require being away from their child or spouse. They may also have recurrent thoughts related to being separated from their loved ones or display overprotective behavior towards their children. Significant life changes, such as going away to college, moving, or getting married, can be particularly challenging for adults with separation anxiety. Furthermore, those with separation anxiety may obsessively worry that something bad will happen to their loved ones when they are away, such as illness or death. They may be reluctant to spend time away from home, even for school or work. These individuals dislike being alone and may have separation-themed nightmares. Additionally, they may experience physical symptoms like headaches, nausea, or heart palpitations when anticipating or experiencing separation from someone they are close to. These feelings and symptoms can significantly impact relationships and daily life. Separation anxiety disorder can have profound consequences in social and work settings, leading to social isolation, difficulties in maintaining employment or career advancement, challenges in relationships, and overall dissatisfaction with life. Who Gets Separation Anxiety? In the past, separation anxiety disorder was primarily associated with childhood, but the understanding has evolved. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) now recognizes that separation anxiety disorder can occur in both children and adults, categorizing it as an anxiety disorder rather than solely a childhood disorder. It is important to note that underdiagnosis of adult separation anxiety disorder has been observed, and data from a nationally representative survey suggests a lifetime prevalence rate of 6.6 percent for this condition. While individuals who experienced separation anxiety in childhood are at an increased risk of developing adult separation anxiety, it is also possible to develop this anxiety disorder as an adult without a prior history. Certain factors can contribute to the development of adult separation anxiety. Significant life transitions like moving away to college, becoming a parent, or experiencing a life stressor or loss can trigger this anxiety, particularly in individuals who have an underlying anxiety disorder. Additionally, a family history of separation anxiety disorder or other mental health disorders may increase the risk. Treating Separation Anxiety Effective treatments are available for separation anxiety, providing hope for those experiencing its challenges. Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) have shown success in treating separation anxiety. These therapies can help individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns, develop coping strategies, and gradually expose themselves to anxiety-inducing situations in a controlled manner. Couples or family counseling can also be beneficial, facilitating healthier interactions and communication between the individual and their loved ones. In some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help reduce anxiety symptoms. Open and honest communication with loved ones is crucial. Sharing your experience and concerns can foster understanding and support from those close to you. It is important to engage in these conversations so that your loved ones can be there for you during the treatment process. Seeking professional help from a healthcare provider is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to develop a comprehensive treatment plan. With the right support and treatment, individuals with separation anxiety can make significant progress, resolve underlying issues, and lead fulfilling lives. Remember, you don’t have to face separation anxiety alone. Reaching out for support and exploring appropriate treatment options can provide a path towards healing and improved well-being.

Jul 05

Stressed About Your Salary, Debt, or Spending Habits? Here’s What to Know About Financial Anxiety

Stressed About Your Salary, Debt, or Spending Habits? Here’s What to Know About Financial Anxiety You are not alone if the mere notion of checking your bank balance causes anxiety. Concerns about money are frequent, and after a worldwide epidemic that caused widespread job loss and economic suffering, this is especially true. According to the Congressional Research Service, in April 2020, at the height of the epidemic, unemployment reached a peak of 14.7%. That percentage is higher than the peak unemployment rates during the Great Recession of 2007–2009, making it the highest unemployment rate the United States has seen since the Great Depression. Two years have passed since these jobless highs, but that hasn’t calmed Americans’ nerves much. Soaring inflation has made it harder than ever to pay for necessities like food, petrol, and utilities. One of the reasons why financial worries are so common? We mentally connect it to our basic ability to stay alive. "Money is really a resource that can provide people with a sense of safety and security," says Chloe Carmichael, PhD, a psychologist based in New York City and quoted in Health. To paraphrase, "when we feel that resources are scarce, it can actually make people feel like their survival is in jeopardy on a very primal level." There’s no need to panic about money. Matt Lundquist, LCSW, a psychotherapist at Tribeca Therapy in New York City, tells Health that some financial concerns may be a positive incentive. A healthy dose of fear may motivate you to make positive changes, he argues. For instance, if you overspent over the weekend and then realized it, you could reevaluate your spending habits, and if you’re worried about an approaching bill, you might save more money than you need. However, according to Lundquist, money worries become problematic when they take up too much mental space or start to get in the way of daily living. So, how can you keep your financial concerns under control? Expert advice on relieving financial strain is provided here. Create a plan Amy Morin, a licensed psychotherapist and the author of four books on mental strength, has given several presentations on the topic of how one’s financial situation might affect one’s state of mind. According to her research, those who are in debt are three times more likely to experience despair. Suicide ideators also tend to have higher levels of debt, according to Morin. One of the most important strategies to confront these negative emotions and ensure they don’t win? Create a strategy. Morin, who is also the editor-in-chief of Verywell Mind, tells Health that coming up with a concrete strategy might help people feel more in charge of their financial circumstances. Spending cuts and revenue increases may both figure into your plan. As part of this process, you should create a monthly budget and an organized strategy for paying off your debt. It’s important to take into account the sources of emotional strain while you formulate your strategy. Mental health professional Celia Mion-Araoz, who deals with patients at Community Health of South Florida Inc. who are stressed out by financial concern, tells Health. Mion-Araoz recommends making a list of all the invoices, payments, or charges that need to be addressed, and then prioritizing them from most urgent to least urgent. "Prioritization is a crucial first step in order to get your head around a more complex problem, break it down, and thereby gain a sense of control over it," which will "help you gather momentum for working your way through the financial stress and through the items on your list." Focus on attainable goals first Create a list of realistic payment targets and a workable strategy for tackling each item on your list, moving from the top down once you have established a hierarchy of financial priorities. Again, as Mion-Araoz puts it, the point is to "begin to break down the financial stressors into smaller parts," to deal with the most pressing issues first and in order of importance rather than everything at once. As the author puts it, "by achieving these incremental, attainable payment goals or wins, you gain confidence and momentum and reduce the sense of being overwhelmed." Recognize and talk through your emotions surrounding money Health spoke with Julie Elledge, PhD, founder and CEO of Mentor Agility, to learn more about how money influences every aspect of our life. However, there is no help for people to deal with these emotions, and few socially acceptable methods to communicate about sentiments related to money. One of the first steps in dealing with worry is realizing that it’s okay to talk about money worries. Speaking about one’s financial situation may evoke a wide range of feelings, including guilt, pride, anxiety, envy, power, control, and a sense of worth, as Elledge points out. "By learning to recognize and discuss these feelings, we can lessen the hold that money has on our well-being." Elledge recommends talking to a life partner (though it may bring up extremely powerful emotions) or a financial wellness coach about how you’re feeling. "A coach who is fluent in financial wellbeing will help you manage emotions, define your goals, plan your opportunities, and help you find the road map to getting back on the right track," says Elledge. Elledge expands on this idea, saying that this kind of expert may help you reframe your "underachieving narrative" as an inspiring one of triumph. Storytelling methods that aid a client in integrating their varied and powerful feelings into a single narrative thread are frequently employed to achieve this goal. Elledge recommends consulting a financial expert to "help you manage the resources to bring your story to a successful outcome." Schedule time to worry Many aspects of your life and your finances are beyond your control. Neither the economy nor your chances of getting a pay rise are under your control. Moreover, there is no use in expending mental resources on such concerns. Instead of letting anxiety about these issues consume

Jul 05

What Is COVID-19 Anxiety?

What Is COVID-19 Anxiety? Experiencing anxiety related to COVID-19 is a normal response to the various challenges and uncertainties brought about by the pandemic. The disruptions in daily life, social isolation, and concerns about the health and well-being of oneself and loved ones can trigger feelings of anxiety and stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society since its onset in March 2020. The highly contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has necessitated significant changes in how people interact, work, and travel. The widespread transmission of the virus has placed a strain on healthcare systems, leading to overwhelmed hospitals and increased anxiety in the population.1 The mental health implications of the pandemic are substantial. From March 2020 to January 2021, an estimated 76 million people were diagnosed with anxiety, representing a 25% increase compared to the period from 2010 to 2019 when 30 million people were diagnosed. These statistics highlight the significant impact of the pandemic on mental well-being and the prevalence of anxiety-related concerns. COVID-19 Anxiety Symptoms Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by intense feelings of fear and apprehension in response to perceived threats. There are various types of anxiety disorders, including phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Despite their distinct features, these disorders often share common symptoms and manifestations.3 Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly experience symptoms such as: uncontrollable anxious thoughts that progressively worsen a rapid heartbeat muscle tension and aches Dizziness difficulty breathing Additionally, anxiety can lead to the avoidance of situations or activities that were once enjoyable or deemed as safe. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and overall quality of life.3 What Causes COVID-19 Anxiety? The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, leading to the development or exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in many individuals. Various factors related to the pandemic have contributed to heightened anxiety levels among the population. One prominent factor is the pervasive uncertainty surrounding the virus itself. During the early stages of the pandemic, there was limited knowledge about the novel coronavirus, including its transmission, treatment, and long-term effects. The uncertainty surrounding these aspects created a sense of fear and concern among individuals, leading to increased anxiety. Social isolation and disrupted daily routines have also played a significant role in anxiety development. The necessary measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns and physical distancing, resulted in limited social interactions and disrupted regular activities. The prolonged periods of isolation and the loss of familiar routines have contributed to feelings of loneliness, distress, and heightened anxiety. Financial worries have been another significant stressor for many individuals during the pandemic. The economic impact of the crisis, including job losses, reduced income, and financial instability, has caused significant distress and anxiety for individuals and families. The uncertainty surrounding employment and financial security has added an additional layer of anxiety to the already challenging circumstances. Healthcare providers and frontline workers have faced immense stress and anxiety throughout the pandemic. Overwhelmed healthcare systems, increased workload, and the risk of exposure to the virus have taken a toll on the mental health of these individuals. The constant pressure and demands placed on healthcare professionals have contributed to heightened anxiety levels. While the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and improved treatment options may have alleviated some of the initial uncertainties and stress, new variants such as Delta and Omicron have introduced new concerns and anxieties. The ever-evolving nature of the virus and its potential impact on public health can contribute to ongoing anxiety among individuals. Risk Factors Certain factors can increase an individual’s vulnerability to developing anxiety in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these risk factors can help identify individuals who may require additional support and intervention. Some key risk factors include: Gender: Research has shown that women are more likely to develop anxiety compared to men. Hormonal and sociocultural factors may contribute to this gender difference. Health conditions: Individuals with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or other illnesses that may increase the risk of complications from COVID-19 may experience heightened anxiety. The fear of contracting the virus and the potential impact on their health can contribute to increased anxiety levels. Pre-existing mental health condition: Individuals who had pre-existing anxiety before the pandemic are at a higher risk of experiencing worsened symptoms. People with severe mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, may also be more vulnerable to heightened anxiety due to the pandemic’s impact on their routine and access to support services. Career: Healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and other frontline workers, are at an increased risk of developing anxiety. The demands of their work, exposure to high levels of stress, and the potential risk of contracting the virus can contribute to heightened anxiety levels among healthcare professionals. Low socioeconomic status: Financial stressors associated with low socioeconomic status can contribute to the development or exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. Economic uncertainties, job loss, and financial instability can significantly impact mental health and increase anxiety levels. How Is COVID-19 Anxiety Diagnosed? Healthcare providers play a crucial role in identifying and assessing anxiety disorders. During a screening or evaluation, they may employ various methods to gather information and determine the presence of anxiety. Here is a general outline of the process: Questionnaires and Interviews: Healthcare providers may administer standardized questionnaires or conduct interviews to assess your symptoms and their impact on your daily life. These may include questions about your mood, sleep patterns, appetite, concentration, and overall well-being. Symptom Assessment: Based on your responses, the healthcare provider will evaluate the nature, duration, and severity of your symptoms. They may ask about the specific triggers or situations that elicit anxiety and how it affects your ability to function in different areas of life. Physical Examination and Lab Tests: To rule out any underlying medical conditions that could contribute to anxiety symptoms, a physical examination may be conducted. Additionally, lab tests, such as blood tests, might

Jul 05

I Finally Had My Trichotillomania Under Control Before the Pandemic—But Now I’m Struggling in Quarantine

I Finally Had My Trichotillomania Under Control Before the Pandemic—But Now I’m Struggling in Quarantine Recently, while working from home, I unexpectedly recalled a Zoom meeting. A wig, the first one I could reach from my bed, seemed the most natural, so I put it on before turning on my camera. It was short and dark brown. I sloppily threw on a stocking hat and combed my hair into place, figuring no one would notice anyhow. One of my employees asked me, "Kimi, did you cut your hair?" shortly after the call started. Shit. My typical workplace wig was a different color than I remembered and reached just halfway down my waist. "Uh, I actually got it cut a few weeks ago," I explained. "Fair enough; I haven’t seen you in person for an entire month, after all," the coworker said. I hadn’t yet worked up the nerve to inform my coworkers that I suffer from trichotillomania, a disorder that causes me to pull out my hair excessively and is conceptually similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) defines trichotillomania, also known as ‘trich’ by those who suffer from it, as an impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive, repetitive hair-pulling despite conscious efforts to stop, resulting in both objectively noticeable hair loss and perceived distress or impairment in daily functioning. Since I was a young adolescent, trich has been a part of my life. I have attempted counseling and medicine to treat it, but ultimately have learned to embrace it as part of who I am. But wow, this confinement is making me crazy. Before the pandemic—and after fourteen years of pulling my hair—I had finally come up with a game plan to get my trichotillomania under control, and it was working. I decided at the beginning of the year to make a concerted effort to lengthen my hair. My hair was at its shortest then, but I was able to use creative styling to cover most of my thinning areas. Eventually, I was able to reduce my hair-pulling practically to nil by covering my hair with a wig whenever I left the house (for work or otherwise). I had made excellent progress, but staying put brought up a totally different set of conditions than I had anticipated. No longer was I required to wear wigs for work, so I stopped using them to avoid damaging my hair. Three months of development were undone in a matter of days due to the stress of working from home and worried about my family’s safety or my friends’ who had lost their employment. You have to understand that trich causes hair-pulling to become an automatic habit. I used to spend hours on daily conference calls while socially isolating and working from home, aimlessly trying to shave off split ends and other "off" patches of hair (such as those that are thicker or coarser than the rest) with my fingers. After a long day, my hair would accumulate on the floor of my bedroom like tumbleweeds, and I’d have to sweep it up. I never went more than fifteen minutes without yanking. A few days into my confinement, I looked in the mirror and saw that one of the bald patches I’ve had for years had spread across my entire scalp. I felt like a failure and was devastated by my own failure. I’m not alone right now—the pandemic may be worsening hair-pulling and skin-picking disorders for many others. An increase in hair-pulling and skin-picking during the pandemic was primarily attributed to extreme fluctuations in sensory or emotional stimulation, according to Fred Penzel, PhD, a psychologist who serves on the scientific advisory board for the International OCD Foundation and the TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. "I’ve always believed that this is a form of self-regulation; it’s a way of dealing with being overstimulated or under-stimulated," Penzel said. Although it is too soon to say with data that body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are on the rise primarily due to self-isolating, the TLC Foundation recognized an early need for services and quickly rolled out additional programming for support groups and webinars featuring several experts in BFRB research to address the growing number of people affected by this condition. Two of my friends, Rebecca and Jude (who asked that their last names not be used for privacy reasons), also suffer from trich, and they told me that they had an especially hard time avoiding hair-pulling when they were socially isolated. For Rebecca, "the pulling" became increasingly stressful. And Jude could relate: "At the beginning of lockdown, my scalp-pulling was off the charts." During their time in quarantine, Rebecca and Jude shaved their heads in an extreme measure to combat their impulse to tear out their hair. "Even though I had done it before, the decision to shave my head was very difficult," recalls Rebecca, who was unable to receive her usual shorter haircut since barber shops were closed. I wasn’t thrilled with it at first, but I’m beginning to like it again. It’s tough to live at a time with so many unknowns, so be kind to yourself, and do what you can to take charge of the things you can. While Rebecca has gone for a complete shave, Jude has opted for something closer to an undercut: "I made the decision to claim my hair," she explains. "As soon as I did it, I felt completely at peace and wondered why I had waited so long." Since my previous strategy to reduce hair-pulling wasn’t working in quarantine, I knew I had to come up with a new plan. It’s crucial to remember that there are various causes of hair pulling and that no two people will respond to the same treatments in the same way; therefore, while I knew that shaving my head would help me, I also knew that it would help Rebecca and Jude as well. Psychologist at MGH and TLC Foundation

Jul 05

Is Adderall in Short Supply?

Is Adderall in Short Supply? Challenges: What You Need to Know Taking the ADD Drugs The FDA reported a shortage of Adderall, a medicine used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The announcement follows weeks of complaints from customers and pharmacists about difficulties obtaining the medication. This is the second time in recent years that the government agency has recognized a scarcity of Adderall, also known as amphetamine mixed salts pills. The FDA detected a shortage in September of 2019, but by May of 2022, the problem had been remedied. Aurobindo Pharma, Lannett Company, Milan Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, and Teva Pharmaceuticals were the five drug manufacturers hit by the Adderall shortage. Teva, one of these pharmaceutical firms, is suffering manufacturing delays that are generating the current shortage, as was indicated in the FDA’s press statement reinstating the formal shortage. In September, an FDA spokeswoman assured Health that the agency still anticipated having sufficient supply to fulfill demand, despite the difficulties that Teva would be experiencing over the following months. The agency, however, now claims that rival producers are falling behind. The FDA noted in a news statement that while "other manufacturers continue to produce amphetamine mixed salts," their output is insufficient to fulfill the current demand in the United States. Teva, the leading U.S. supplier of both original and generic Adderall, acknowledged delays of the medicine in September and stated that they should be temporary. A representative for Teva, Kelly Dougherty, told Health that while certain customers "may encounter a backorder (intermittently) based on timing and demand," such delays are usually short-lived. "We are actively shipping both branded and generic Adderall to customers," the company said, adding that "we expect full recovery for all inventory and orders in the coming weeks, at which point we expect no disruption at the pharmacy level." Before the announcement on Wednesday, doctors and patients have been sounding the alarm in interviews with media sites including BuzzFeed News, Bloomberg, and NBC News about the difficulty of maintaining enough supplies of Adderall. Sixty-four percent of community pharmacists surveyed by the National Community Pharmacists Association in August said they had trouble getting Adderall in for their patients. The FDA has verified the accounts of patients and clinicians, yet many still have trouble getting their hands on life-changing medications. What you need to know about buying Adderall and what to do if you run across problems doing so are detailed below. Increased demand complicates already challenging supply conditions. Limited availability of the medicine was reportedly caused by a manpower shortfall at Teva, as reported by Bloomberg. Dougherty stated that there is "no product shortage on our end," and that "any noted delays are the downstream effect of a past labor shortage on the packaging line which has since been resolved." More people using Adderall at the same time has led to shortages in recent years. The use of amphetamines like Adderall was already on the rise before to the COVID-19 epidemic, with consumption tripling between 2006 and 2016; nevertheless, the pandemic accelerated the trend. Iqvia Holdings found that prescriptions for Adderall climbed by more than 10% between 2020 and 2021 as a result of lockdowns, and that the number of telemedicine visits, especially those dealing with mental health difficulties, increased. The New York Times noted that several of the start-up businesses that began offering telemedicine mental health services during the epidemic, such as Cerebral Inc. and Done Global Inc., have come under fire for potentially overprescribing the ADHD medicines. In May, Cerebral announced that they will "indefinitely" discontinue dispensing restricted medications including Adderall, Ritalin, and others. The Wall Street Journal states that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is also looking into the prescription procedures of Done. If Your Pharmacy Is Out of Your Medications, What to Do The best way to avoid having to go without Adderall is to get your prescription refilled as soon as possible. "That way you have time to find another pharmacy that stocks your medication if your usual pharmacy is out-of-stock," Farah Khorassani, PharmD, associate clinical professor at the University of California, Irvine School of drugstore & Pharmaceutical Sciences told Health. If your pharmacy is out of Adderall, Khorassani suggests calling around to other pharmacies in the area, or having your pharmacist do so on your behalf. Alex Dimitriu, MD, founder of Menlo Park Psychiatry & Sleep Medicine and BrainfoodMD, advised checking into mobile or mail-order pharmacies if your regular drugstore was out of stock. According to Sonia Gaur, MD, a psychiatrist at Stanford Health Care, you may wish to urge your healthcare physician to phone your prescription into a new pharmacy. If the drug becomes increasingly difficult to obtain due to the shortage, you and your doctor may want to consider switching to a different type of stimulant prescription. As part of its shortage statement, the FDA suggested that patients who were unable to obtain Adderall consult with their doctors about using other forms of medication, such as extended-release forms of amphetamine mixed salts. However, because withdrawal symptoms from stopping Adderall or any other medicine can be severe, it’s not a good idea to do so without first consulting a doctor. According to Guar, "the risk profile is based on multiple factors," including "comorbid diagnoses," "length of taking medications," and "medication dose." In addition to affecting your energy and mood, abruptly changing your drug regimen may cause you to feel more exhausted and hungry than normal. Dr. Dimitriu says that fortunately, you should only have these symptoms for approximately a week. If you forget to refill your prescription in time and run out of medicine, Dr. Dimitriu advises starting with a lesser dosage and gradually building back up. If you have tried everything and can’t find your medication, talk to your doctor about other possibilities and make getting enough sleep a top priority. "Sleep is essential to ADHD and our attention, focus, and impulse control," Dr. Dimitriu stated, "so make sure you keep sleeping well (over seven hours) whether on meds or

Jul 05

How Caregivers Can Manage Personality and Behavior Changes of Alzheimer’s Disease

How Caregivers Can Manage Personality and Behavior Changes of Alzheimer’s Disease? Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease can be a complex and rewarding experience, but it also comes with its challenges. As a caregiver, you may encounter new situations and emotions on a daily basis, which can leave you feeling overwhelmed and isolated at times. The role of caregiving can have a significant impact on your physical and emotional well-being. It may also bring about challenges as you and your loved one navigate the shifting dynamics of your relationship. It is important to acknowledge that these changes can be difficult for both you and your loved one. While caregiving is not easy, there are steps you can take to manage the unique challenges that come with caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease. What is Alzheimer’s Disease? Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological condition that leads to brain changes, resulting in a decline in memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, a term used to describe a range of symptoms affecting cognitive abilities and daily functioning. While Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are often used interchangeably, dementia is a broader term encompassing various conditions, and Alzheimer’s disease is responsible for a significant portion of dementia cases. The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is increasing due to the growing aging population. In 2021, approximately 6.2 million Americans aged 65 and older were living with Alzheimer’s disease. This rise in cases has led to an increased demand for caregivers. In 2020 alone, over 11 million Americans provided unpaid care, amounting to 15.3 million hours, for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can vary from person to person. Each individual’s experience with the disease is unique, as the manifestation of brain changes differs among individuals. This diversity highlights the complex nature of Alzheimer’s disease and the need for personalized care and support for affected individuals and their caregivers. Personality and Behavior Changes Due To Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease can cause significant changes in the personality and behavior of individuals affected by the condition. While these changes may not always be immediately noticeable or severe, they can have a significant impact on daily life. Recognizing the early and more subtle changes can be challenging for caregivers. It is important to understand that these changes are part of the disease process and not a reflection of laziness or deliberate behavior on the part of the individual. Some common personality and behavior changes in Alzheimer’s disease include: Heightened emotional responses: Individuals may easily become angry, scared, or upset over small or seemingly insignificant things. Memory difficulties: Problems with recalling information or finding the right words in conversations may become apparent. Apathy: Individuals may appear disinterested or lack motivation to engage in activities they once enjoyed. Neglect of personal hygiene: There may be a decline in self-care and less effort put into maintaining personal cleanliness and grooming. Emotional distress: Depression and anxiety can develop as a result of the changes and challenges associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Confusion and overstimulation: Individuals may appear confused, overwhelmed, or agitated in response to their surroundings. Pacing or shadowing: Restlessness, pacing, or constantly following the caregiver’s movements, known as shadowing, may occur. Wandering: Individuals may wander aimlessly or become disoriented, potentially putting themselves at risk. Paranoia or suspiciousness: There may be concerns about others hiding things or being convinced of situations that are not based in reality. Aggression: Some individuals may exhibit aggressive behavior, which can be challenging for caregivers to manage. Hallucinations and delusions: Seeing or hearing things that are not there or holding false beliefs can occur. Inappropriate sexual behavior: Individuals may display socially inappropriate or sexually suggestive behavior, often due to loss of inhibitions and impaired judgment. It is important to note that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease may have difficulty acknowledging these changes or may deny that anything is wrong. Understanding and empathizing with their perspective can help foster a supportive and compassionate caregiving environment. How Caregiving Affects Your Health Caregiving for someone with Alzheimer’s disease can have significant impacts on your mental and physical health. It is important to recognize and address these challenges to ensure your well-being. Here are some common effects of caregiving on mental and physical health: Mental Health Impacts: Anxiety, worry, fear: The constant concern for the well-being of your loved one can lead to heightened anxiety and worry. Depression and emotional exhaustion: Witnessing the decline of your loved one’s abilities and coping with the demands of caregiving can contribute to feelings of depression and emotional exhaustion. Anger, resentment, and frustration: The repetitive nature of caregiving tasks and the challenges faced in managing the changing behaviors of the person with Alzheimer’s disease can evoke feelings of anger, resentment, and frustration. Grief and loss: Caregivers may experience a sense of grief and loss as they witness the gradual decline of their loved one’s cognitive and functional abilities. It can be challenging to see the person they once knew change over time. Physical Health Impacts: Chronic stress: The demands of caregiving can lead to chronic stress, which can have a negative impact on physical health. Physical strain and injuries: Caregivers may experience physical strain from tasks such as lifting or transferring the person with Alzheimer’s, resulting in aches, pains, and potential injuries. Fatigue and sleep disturbances: The demands of caregiving, combined with the emotional toll, can lead to fatigue and sleep disturbances, resulting in reduced energy levels and overall well-being. Neglect of personal health: Caregivers may prioritize the needs of their loved one over their own, neglecting their own health, skipping regular check-ups, and not engaging in self-care activities. Increased risk of health conditions: Neglecting exercise, unhealthy coping mechanisms (e.g., food, alcohol, drugs), and the chronic stress of caregiving can increase the risk of developing health conditions. It is important for caregivers to acknowledge their own emotions and seek support when needed. Taking care of your mental and physical well-being is crucial to maintain your ability to provide care effectively.

Jul 05

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease? Dementia, which includes memory loss, thinking difficulties, and the inability to reason logically, is the end result of Alzheimer’s disease, a degenerative neurological (brain) disorder. Most cases occur in those over the age of 65, and age itself is the greatest risk factor associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is not brought on by aging. It may take years, or even decades, before you experience any symptoms because of complex brain changes. Scientists think that predisposing variables include both heredity and environmental/lifestyle choices. Alzheimer’s disease can manifest in either an early or a late onset form. The beginning of symptoms for a late-onset illness often occurs in people aged 65 and over. It accounts for the vast majority of cases of Alzheimer’s disease. Fewer than 10 percent of Alzheimer’s patients experience early onset, with symptoms appearing between the ages of 30 and 65. Predicting who may get Alzheimer’s disease remains a major challenge. Scientists are continuously investigating potential risk factors, and have proposed several ideas as to the nature of the brain alterations that trigger the illness. This is the current state of their proposals: Hypotheses Alzheimer’s disease causes extensive degeneration of neurons and the synapses between them, first affecting the regions of the brain responsible for memory. Cognitive and physical impairments worsen as damage to the brain progresses. Because of this, brain size decreases physically. Both cholinergic and amyloid explanations have been proposed to explain the disease’s onset and progression. The Cholinergic Postulate The cholinergic hypothesis has been around longer than any other theory to explain Alzheimer’s. Cognitive processes (including learning and comprehension) rely heavily on the brain’s cholinergic neurons. Alzheimer’s patients have a significant deficit in acetylcholine (ACh), a chemical messenger in the brain critical for learning, memory, and other cognitive processes. The only FDA-approved Alzheimer’s drugs work by keeping the brain’s supply of ACh from depleting. These medications may alleviate cognitive problems in the short term, but they do nothing to prevent permanent brain damage. The Amyloid Theory Amyloid plaques were once thought to be generated in the brain due to excessively high amounts of beta-amyloid (a protein that surrounds the nerve cells). These plaques are suspected to have a role in the dementia that characterizes Alzheimer’s disease. The beta-amyloid theory originated from a seminal publication that appeared in Nature in 2006. However, beta-amyloid medicines did not alleviate Alzheimer’s symptoms. Scientists have discovered that age-related amyloid plaques appear in persons who do not get Alzheimer’s disease. Then, in July of 2022, a research published in Science threw serious doubt on this central concept. According to the findings of one neuroscientist, the photos used in the 2006 study were doctored. Since then, scientists have taken a more cautious approach to the beta-amyloid theory. New evidence regarding beta-amyloid’s function in Alzheimer’s disease was shown in a November 2022 clinical study of a drug named Leqembi (lecanemab). After 18 months, patients who used lecanemab reported a modest improvement in their symptoms. To definitively prove the idea, more tests and studies are required. New potential causes of neuron death are also being investigated. Is Alzheimer’s Disease Hereditary? Children may inherit specific mutations that cause early-onset Alzheimer’s disease from their parents in some situations. When this occurs, illness is due to a mutated gene. If there is a history of Alzheimer’s disease in your family, you may want to talk to a doctor about getting genetic testing. It is estimated that genetics have a role in about 70% of Alzheimer’s cases. However, there is less certainty about the genetics of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. When it comes to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most influential gene. The APOE gene exists in at least one form (or variation) in every human being. Inheriting the 4 variations, however, increases your risk of developing the condition. However, carrying the uncommon APOE 2 mutation can protect you from developing Alzheimer’s disease. Who Typically Develops Alzheimer’s? The risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease varies from person to person. Some examples of potential risk factors are: Age: Age is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s, with symptoms typically starting after the age of 65. The percentage of people affected by Alzheimer’s increases with age, and around 40% of individuals over the age of 85 have the disease. Biological sex and gender: Nearly two-thirds of Alzheimer’s cases occur in individuals assigned female at birth. However, this may be attributed to the fact that women tend to live longer than men on average. In the United States, the rates of Alzheimer’s development at each age are similar between women and men. Recent studies have also revealed biases in older research regarding sex and gender. Ethnicity: Black and Hispanic populations were previously considered to be at a higher risk of Alzheimer’s. However, newer studies have challenged this idea, suggesting that socioeconomic factors and health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, which are more prevalent in these populations, may contribute to the differences in risk. Structural racism can also impact other social and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer’s. It’s important to note that these factors contribute to the overall risk but do not guarantee the development of Alzheimer’s. Ongoing research aims to further understand the complex interplay of these factors and develop strategies for prevention and treatment. Risk Factors There are various conditions, injuries, and circumstances that have been identified as potential contributors to the development of Alzheimer’s disease: Vascular (Blood Vessel) Conditions: High blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, and stroke are examples of vascular conditions that can impact the blood supply to the brain. These issues can lead to brain inflammation and eventually increase the risk of Alzheimer’s. Metabolic Conditions: Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high LDL cholesterol levels, and obesity, particularly when experienced during midlife, have been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Depression: Depression has been linked to an elevated risk of Alzheimer’s. Although there is limited evidence, treatment with antidepressants may potentially reduce this risk. It is

Jul 05

How Alzheimer’s Disease Progresses: From Diagnosis Through the 7 Stages

How Alzheimer’s Disease Progresses: From Diagnosis Through the 7 Stages Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder commonly affecting older adults, characterized by memory loss, confusion, behavioral changes, and other distressing symptoms. It is the most prevalent form of dementia, with approximately 10.7% of Americans aged 65 and above living with the condition, with women accounting for nearly two-thirds of cases.1 As the baby boomer generation enters their senior years, the number of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease is projected to reach 7.16 million by 2025 and 13.9 million by 2060. To aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, Dr. Barry Reisberg, a psychiatrist at New York University School of Medicine, developed the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), which defines seven distinct clinical stages of the disease.3 These stages are often summarized into a three-stage classification system: early stage, middle stage, and late stage. The early stages encompass GDS stages one to three, the middle stages include stages four and five, and the late stages comprise stages six and seven.11 Medical examinations play a crucial role in determining the stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Physicians typically rely on clinical interviews and medical evaluations during the diagnostic process. The clinical interview involves discussing the person’s symptoms and feelings, as well as cognitive assessments like counting backward from 50. Depending on the stage of Alzheimer’s, these interviews may be conducted with or without a caregiver present.8 Furthermore, medical evaluations involve brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. These scans help identify brain abnormalities like tumors, strokes, fluid accumulation, or other damage resulting from head trauma. Brain imaging is primarily used to rule out other neurological conditions and detect shrinkage of the hippocampus, the region responsible for memory and learning, which indicates signs of memory loss. Stage 1: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, No Sign of Dementia In the initial stage of the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), individuals do not experience any memory or thinking issues. All individuals, including those who will not develop Alzheimer’s disease, start at stage one. These first three stages are referred to as the "preclinical stages" of the disease, and they cannot be detected through clinical interviews and medical evaluations. An alternative examination method that may detect early signs of Alzheimer’s is the use of biomarkers. Biomarkers are biological indicators that measure the presence of a disease in the body. Examples of biomarkers include blood pressure, heart rate, and x-rays. Some biomarkers, such as levels of beta-amyloid proteins and tau proteins, were initially believed to be early warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease. However, a study published in Science in July 2022 raised questions about the significance of beta-amyloid proteins as a primary predictor of Alzheimer’s disease. While scientists acknowledge that beta-amyloid proteins likely play a role in understanding the disease, further research may explore other protein theories. Currently, healthcare providers are more likely to use a comprehensive approach, including behavioral and cognitive tests, for an accurate diagnosis. Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline, Age-Related In the second stage of Alzheimer’s disease, symptoms may become noticeable. However, similar to the first stage, clinical interviews and evaluations may not provide significant evidence of dementia. During this stage, individuals may start experiencing growing memory problems, such as difficulty remembering familiar names or struggling to recall the location of items like keys or wallets. These issues are often attributed to normal age-related declines in cognitive function. Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Impairment In the third stage of Alzheimer’s disease, also known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is clearer evidence of memory loss, lack of focus, and trouble thinking. According to the GDS, individuals experiencing two or more of the following symptoms are considered to be at stage 3: Getting lost when going to a new location Decline in work performance that is noticeable to coworkers Difficulty remembering names or finding the right words Retaining or remembering very little of what was just read Trouble remembering the names of newly-introduced people Losing valuable or cherished objects Worsening job performance Difficulty socializing with others Denial of memory problems or cognitive issues Anxiety related to memory difficulties During this stage, clinical tests and evaluations can pick up signs of impairment, particularly issues related to concentration. Stage 4: Mild Dementia, Moderate Cognitive Decline In stage 4 of Alzheimer’s disease, clear signs of the condition can be detected in clinical interviews and through careful evaluation. Individuals in this stage may experience difficulty remembering aspects of their personal life experiences and have reduced comprehension of current events. Some of the defining signs of stage 4 include: Reduced understanding of current events or news Difficulty remembering aspects of personal history and life experiences Inability to perform subtraction by 7 starting from 100, as assessed through a cognitive test Inability to travel independently, handle finances, or perform complex tasks Denial of memory problems Lack of emotional expression (flat affect) Frequent withdrawal from challenging or stressful social situations People in stage 4 of Alzheimer’s disease generally retain awareness of the time and day, their location, and the ability to recognize familiar faces. Stage 5: Moderate Dementia, Moderately Severe Decline In the fifth stage of Alzheimer’s disease, which is known as moderate dementia, memory and cognitive deficits are evident through clinical evaluation and interviews. Individuals in this stage may experience the following: Trouble remembering important aspects of their life, such as their address, names of close friends or family members, or their hometown and schools. Difficulty identifying the current date, day of the week, or season. Inability to count down from 20 by twos or fours. Difficulty getting dressed independently. Some individuals may still retain long-term memories of major life events or the names of their spouse and children. Motor tasks, such as using the restroom or eating, may still be performed independently. Stage 6: Moderately Severe Dementia In the sixth stage of Alzheimer’s disease, individuals experience noticeable difficulty with memory and thinking. The general characteristics of stage 6 include: Occasional inability to remember the names of a spouse,

Jul 05

Stimming: What It Is and Why People Do It?

Stimming: What It Is and Why People Do It People who stim may give off the impression that they are moving or making noises on purpose in ways that don’t seem to serve any particular reason. People stim in order to interact with one another, to calm themselves, or even just because they find it amusing. Stimming has a purpose. People who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to stimming more frequently than the general population. In point of fact, stimming is included as a diagnostic criteria for autism in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition" (DSM-5). Stimming may also be a symptom of other types of neurodivergence, such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What Exactly Is the Stimming? Stimming is an abbreviation for the term "self-stimulation." Stimming is referred to as a "stereotypic" activity in the medical field. Almost everyone engages in activities that are designed to stimulate their own senses. You may do things like doodle, tap your pen, or bounce your foot, for instance. People tend to refer to those movements as fidgeting most of the time. People who do not have autism spectrum disorder may be more aware of when the activities of individuals around them cause discomfort. For instance, if your classmates find that the sound of you repeatedly tapping your pen gets too loud, you can decide to cease generating the noise. People who have autism spectrum disorder, on the other hand, may stim in ways that are more noticeable and less socially acceptable, such as rocking back and forth, flapping their hands, or repeating words or phrases. Stimming is a common symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and might involve behavior that is unusual, intense, or repeated. The term autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of behaviors and symptoms (that include prior classifications like Asperger’s syndrome) that pose challenges for individuals in the areas of communicating, learning, and acting appropriately. Stimming can often be helpful in overcoming such challenges. Stimming, for instance, has been shown to reduce both anxiety and energy in the course of study. Stimming can also be a helpful tool for those with ASD in the areas of information processing and acquiring new knowledge. Examples of Stimming Stimming refers to any type of repeated movement that is done with the purpose of reducing tension and increasing comfort. Various types of stims include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Motor stimming refers to actions that are performed in a repeated manner, such as flapping one’s hands, swaying one’s body, spinning, leaping, or moving one’s fingers. Some people engage in self-harming activities as part of their motor stimming, such as striking themselves, picking at their skin, or scratching. Echolalia: Some persons self-stimulate by repeating words or phrases that have no significance. Staring at stimuli such as lights is an example of a form of stimming known as visual stimming. "Non-functional" behaviors can include things like constantly altering objects in the environment. Why do individuals Stim? Stimming is frequently associated with feelings of anxiety, excitement, tension, or anger. To put it another way, people may stim more frequently when they feel overwhelmed by particular circumstances or triggers. People may engage in stimming for a variety of reasons, including the following five: Stimming may be a behavior that some people engage in because it facilitates the processing of sensory information, which in turn helps them acquire new knowledge and communicate more effectively with others. Stimming is a method for managing one’s feelings and is also helpful in reducing stress. Stimming is an activity that can assist relieve tension in a similar way to jogging, reading, or painting, which are all examples of stress-relieving activities. In fact, studies have shown that people frequently stim after experiencing anything that brings on feelings of stress. People who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), for instance, could feel nervous in surroundings that are noisy or entertaining. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can release their pent-up energy via the therapeutic activity of stimming. Helps individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who may have problems paying attention to details. There is evidence to imply that stimming is widespread in settings where people are learning. Some people are better able to concentrate and organize their thoughts when they do actions that are repeated. The Impact That Stimming Persons who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can benefit in numerous ways from stimming owing to its calming effects. These advantages can help persons with ASD better deal with talking, learning, and behaving. In contrast, because stimming frequently involves odd actions, persons who stim may feel isolated from their friends due to the nature of the practice. Stimming can also entail self-harming activities, which might raise the likelihood of unfavorable effects for one’s health. Benefits People who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) informed researchers conducting a study that was published in 2019 in Autism that when others urged them to cease stimming, they experienced feelings like confusion, anger, resentment, nervousness, belittlement, and embarrassment. They noted that neurotypical persons frequently have a poor understanding of stimming, which can lead to difficulties in social situations. People who have autism spectrum disorders have indicated that they are unable to function successfully if stimming is their primary method of dealing with stressful situations. Stimming is a form of self-stimulatory behavior that can assist individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) overcome challenges in the areas of communication, learning, and behavior. In particular, a study that was conducted in 2018 and published in BMJ Case Reports indicated that some of the advantages of stimming include the following: Providing an escape from stressful circumstances, such as very noisy settings Ability to communicate and engage with people without difficulty. Bringing relief from emotions such as worry, tension, fear, and rage It is not apparent why stimming is satisfying to do. Researchers have discovered that stimming can activate neurotransmitters, which are substances in the brain that are responsible for regulating emotions.