Oct 13

7 Breakthrough COVID Cases Have Hit the New York Yankees—What Does This Term Mean?

Only one team member has symptoms, and all were diagnosed via routine testing. In a recent and unexpected turn of events, seven members of the New York Yankees, including three coaches and four non-coach support staff members, have tested positive for COVID-19, despite all of them having been fully vaccinated against the virus. This development has raised questions about the nature of “breakthrough cases” and their implications, shedding light on the complex dynamics of the ongoing battle against the pandemic. The announcement of these breakthrough cases came to the fore during a press conference held by the team on March 11. The Yankees disclosed that all seven individuals who tested positive had received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, and remarkably, only one of them experienced “some symptoms” of COVID-19. The positive cases were detected through routine testing, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring and surveillance in preventing the spread of the virus. Team manager Aaron Boone conveyed the team’s adaptability in the face of this unexpected situation, stating, “We’re learning as we go. We’re getting informed on what we need to do exactly, and just trying to do the best we can to be able to make quick adjustments on the fly and pivot.” This underscores the challenges and uncertainties that continue to surround COVID-19, even in the presence of vaccination efforts. As a precautionary measure, every member of the Yankees traveling party has undergone at least three COVID-19 tests, including PCR nasal swabs and saliva tests, to ensure the virus is properly monitored and contained. During the press conference, it became evident that several players and coaches had resumed wearing masks in the dugout during games, highlighting the team’s commitment to minimizing the virus’s impact. Manager Aaron Boone emphasized the silver lining of vaccination, noting, “One of the good things about being vaccinated is that we are blunting the effects of this virus. I feel like, in a lot of ways, because we’re vaccinated, we’re good and we’re able to deal with this.” The term “breakthrough cases” took center stage during the press conference, prompting questions about what precisely constitutes a breakthrough case and why such occurrences happen. A breakthrough case, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), occurs when an individual who has been fully vaccinated against a particular illness, such as COVID-19, subsequently develops that illness. For COVID-19, a minimum of two weeks must have passed since the person’s last vaccine dose for the case to be classified as a breakthrough. In essence, these individuals are considered fully vaccinated against the virus. It is essential to recognize that breakthrough cases are not unique to COVID-19; they can occur with other illnesses as well, such as the flu. Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, underscores this point, emphasizing that no vaccine, regardless of its efficacy, is perfect. “Even at their best, these vaccines are 95% effective—not 100%,” Dr. Schaffner explains. The anticipation of breakthrough cases was built into vaccine development and distribution plans. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines varies among different vaccines. Based on clinical trial data, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boasts a 95% effectiveness rate in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infections, the Moderna vaccine stands at 94.1%, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine at 66%. However, direct comparisons between these vaccines may not be entirely accurate, as they were not studied simultaneously, under the same conditions, or against identical variants. The CDC acknowledges that individuals can still contract COVID-19 shortly before or after vaccination, leaving them vulnerable to infection. Additionally, certain COVID-19 variants may lead to illness in fully vaccinated individuals. As of April 26, the CDC reported a total of 9,245 breakthrough cases of COVID-19 in the United States, occurring after more than 95 million Americans had been fully vaccinated. Among these cases, 27% were asymptomatic, meaning the individuals showed no symptoms. Furthermore, 9% of those with breakthrough infections required hospitalization, and sadly, 132 individuals (approximately 1% of total cases) succumbed to the virus. The CDC has announced plans to transition its reporting to focus solely on breakthrough cases that result in hospitalization or death, beginning on May 14. This shift aims to enhance the quality of data collection, prioritizing cases of greater clinical and public health significance. Regarding the treatment of breakthrough cases, many individuals do not require any medical intervention. Dr. Schaffner points out that a significant portion of these cases is either asymptomatic or presents with mild symptoms, highlighting the vaccine’s success in mitigating the severity of the disease. In cases where individuals experience more severe symptoms, they receive the same treatment as those who have not been vaccinated, emphasizing the importance of prompt medical attention when necessary. Despite the occurrence of breakthrough cases, health experts continue to emphasize the critical importance of COVID-19 vaccination. The primary objectives of the vaccines remain steadfast: to prevent severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease expert and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, underscores the vaccines’ remarkable success in achieving these objectives. While the information presented here is accurate as of the time of publication, the fluid nature of the COVID-19 situation warrants ongoing vigilance and adaptation to evolving circumstances. Readers are encouraged to stay informed by referring to trusted sources such as the CDC, WHO, and their local public health departments for the latest information and guidance pertaining to COVID-19. In summary, the emergence of breakthrough cases among the New York Yankees serves as a stark reminder of the complexities surrounding COVID-19, even in the presence of vaccination efforts. These cases highlight the need for continued vigilance, regular testing, and adherence to public health measures. While breakthrough cases do occur, vaccines remain a potent tool in reducing the severity of the disease and preventing hospitalizations and deaths. The battle against COVID-19 is ongoing, and a collective commitment to vaccination and public health measures remains crucial in overcoming the challenges posed by the virus.

Oct 13

Yeast Infection vs. UTI: How to Tell the Difference

They’re both uncomfortable, but one is fungal, and the other is bacterial, so they’re treated very differently. If you happen to possess a vagina, chances are you’ve encountered the discomfort of a yeast infection or a urinary tract infection (UTI) at some point in your life, or you may inevitably face them in the future. According to the Office on Women’s Health (OASH), yeast infections afflict a staggering 75% of women, while more than half of all women will experience at least one UTI during their lifetime. It’s worth noting that individuals with penises can also be affected by these conditions, although they occur less frequently in this demographic. Despite often being grouped together, yeast infections and UTIs are distinct infections with their own unique sets of symptoms and treatment approaches. Distinguishing between a yeast infection and a UTI is crucial for understanding the condition you’re dealing with and ensuring prompt relief. If you’re uncertain about which one you might be experiencing, read on to explore the symptoms, causes, and specific treatments for each. Yeast Infections and UTIs: What Are They? While both yeast infections and UTIs can affect the genital area, their similarities largely end there. Dr. Felice Gersh, an ob-gyn and the founder/director of the Integrative Medical Group of Irvine in California, emphasizes that these conditions are fundamentally different, even though it’s possible to have both simultaneously. A yeast infection arises from an overgrowth of fungus, with Candida being the most common culprit. This fungus typically coexists harmlessly on the skin and within moist regions of the body, including the vagina, mouth, throat, and gut. However, the balance of this fungus can be disrupted, leading to uncontrolled growth and the subsequent development of a yeast infection. In contrast, UTIs are primarily caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being responsible for 80% to 90% of all cases, as reported by the National Kidney Foundation. E. coli is typically benign when it resides in its natural habitat, the anus. However, problems arise when it makes a short journey from the anus to the urethra, eventually infiltrating the urinary tract. UTIs occur when these bacteria establish colonies, often in the bladder, and multiply uncontrollably. If left untreated and allowed to progress, a UTI can reach the kidneys and inflict significant damage, as noted by the National Kidney Foundation. Consequently, it is crucial to address these infections promptly. Symptoms of Yeast Infections vs. UTIs While only a healthcare provider can offer a definitive diagnosis, each condition exhibits distinct sets of symptoms that can provide valuable clues about the type of infection you might be experiencing. Dr. Karen Eilber, a urologist and educator at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, explains that if your symptoms primarily revolve around urination, a UTI is more likely. UTI-related symptoms encompass: On the other hand, a yeast infection typically manifests as constant vaginal irritation, not just during urination. Symptoms of a yeast infection include: If your primary symptom is a burning sensation during urination, it may be challenging to determine whether it’s a yeast infection or a UTI. Dr. Gersh points out that women with yeast infections may experience burning on the outside skin when urinating, which can lead to confusion. Nevertheless, additional symptoms are typically present, aiding in the identification of the underlying cause. In any case, consulting a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is advisable. Causes of Yeast Infections vs. UTIs Understanding the factors that contribute to yeast infections and UTIs can shed light on why these conditions occur. Let’s delve into what leads to each of these troublesome infections. Yeast infections primarily result from an overgrowth of fungus, a phenomenon that can be triggered by various factors. Risk factors identified by the Office of Women’s Health include: These conditions create an environment conducive to the unbridled proliferation of yeast, ultimately culminating in an infection. Interestingly, there is some overlap in risk factors between yeast infections and UTIs. For instance, pregnancy, diabetes, and a weakened immune system can elevate the risk of both types of infections. In addition to these shared risk factors, the risk of developing a UTI may be further exacerbated by: These circumstances can either introduce unwanted bacteria into the urethra or compromise the body’s natural defenses against pathogens, increasing the likelihood of a UTI. Yeast Infection vs. UTI Treatments Fortunately, the treatment of yeast infections and UTIs is typically straightforward, although the specific treatments differ for each condition. Treatment for a yeast infection often involves taking a single oral dose of fluconazole, an antifungal medication, or using antifungal creams, tablets, suppositories, or ointments applied to the vaginal area for several days to a week. According to the National Institutes of Health, symptoms usually begin to improve within a few days of initiating treatment. On the other hand, antibiotics are the primary treatment for UTIs, as affirmed in a 2019 review published in the Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Generally, oral antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are prescribed for three to five days, as recommended by the American Urological Association (AUA). The good news is that one or two doses are often sufficient to alleviate symptoms, but it’s crucial to complete the entire antibiotic course to ensure the eradication of all unwanted bacteria. For severe cases of yeast infections or UTIs, treatment may be more prolonged and complex. This could entail an extended course of antifungal medication (either oral or topical) for a severe yeast infection or an alternative type of medication. In instances where a UTI has progressed to the kidneys, treatment may involve intravenous antibiotics administered in a hospital setting, followed by two weeks of oral antibiotics, as outlined by the AUA. Preventing Yeast Infections and UTIs While there are no foolproof methods to prevent yeast infections or UTIs altogether, certain practices can help mitigate the risk of both types of infections. Avoiding irritating feminine products like douches, sprays, and scented tampons is recommended to prevent both UTIs and yeast infections, according

Oct 13

How Is a Yeast Infection Treated?

Yeast infections, caused by the overgrowth of Candida yeast, can manifest in various parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, throat, or vagina. The symptoms of yeast infections depend on their location and may include inflamed and itchy skin, white patches in the mouth, or thick white vaginal discharge. These infections can be effectively treated with antifungal medications, available as creams, suppositories, or oral tablets, either over-the-counter or by prescription. Before attempting to self-treat a yeast infection, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis. Whether it’s a vaginal yeast infection or another type, a healthcare provider can perform an examination and oversee the appropriate treatment. Treatment options vary depending on the type, area, and severity of the yeast infection. Vaginal Yeast Infections Vaginal yeast infections occur when natural yeast in the vagina overgrows, leading to an infection. The primary medications used to treat vaginal yeast infections belong to the azole drug class of antifungals, including: Lotrimin, Micatin, and Trosyd are available as over-the-counter vaginal creams or suppositories. These treatments come in one-, three-, or seven-day courses. Terazol 7 and Gynazole 1 are prescription alternatives typically used for more severe infections. Diflucan, an oral medication, is particularly effective for severe yeast infections or recurrent cases. However, it is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential harm to the developing fetus. Diflucan may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners. For some individuals, Diflucan can cause mild side effects like headaches, rashes, or upset stomach. For recurrent vaginal yeast infections, healthcare providers may suggest using boric acid suppositories, although this use is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Research has indicated that combining antifungal treatment with boric acid suppositories can be effective in treating recurrent yeast infections. Skin Yeast Infections Yeast infections on the skin often occur in areas with moisture and skin folds. These infections can also affect the groin, penis, or fingernails. Treatment involves keeping the infected skin clean and dry and applying a cream azole antifungal for approximately two weeks. Commonly used medicated creams include: In cases where the infection is close to a wetter area like the mouth, Nystop (nystatin), a different type of antifungal called polyenes, may be recommended. Severe skin infections might require oral tablets such as Diflucan or Sporanox (itraconazole). For individuals with uncircumcised penises experiencing recurrent yeast infections, healthcare providers may suggest hygiene practices, including daily cleansing under the foreskin. In some cases, foreskin tightness may contribute to the infections, requiring different treatment approaches. Oral Thrush Oral thrush results from yeast overgrowth in the mouth or throat, leading to white patches and a sore throat. Treatment typically involves the use of azoles or polyenes, including: Micatin and Nystop liquids are commonly used for thrush, applied to the mouth or throat four times daily for seven to 14 days. Nystop tablets may also be prescribed for oral yeast infections. In rare cases, severe oral thrush or non-responsive infections may necessitate oral Diflucan tablets. Yeast Diaper Rash Yeast diaper rashes, often characterized by scaly yellow or red patches in the diaper area and skin folds, should be managed by frequent diaper changes, maintaining dryness, and applying antifungal polyene or azole creams such as: Nystop, a prescription cream, is typically applied four times daily for two weeks. If there is no improvement within three days, healthcare providers may recommend switching to an azole antifungal. Over-the-counter options like Lotrimin and Micatin are applied twice daily for up to 10 days. In severe cases of yeast diaper rash, healthcare providers may suggest the use of a 1% hydrocortisone topical steroid ointment. Esophageal Candidiasis Individuals with compromised immune systems are susceptible to yeast infections in the esophagus. Treatment involves oral or intravenous (IV) medications such as: Diflucan tablets are the primary choice for treating esophageal yeast infections and are typically taken for 14 to 21 days. In cases where swallowing medication is uncomfortable, daily Diflucan IVs may be administered until oral medications are tolerable. Mycamine daily IVs for two weeks or once-daily Sporanox or twice-daily Vfend tablets for 14 to 21 days are alternative options. Invasive Candidiasis Invasive candidiasis, a rare but severe yeast infection affecting the bloodstream or internal organs, is treated with IV antifungal medications, including echinocandins (e.g., Cancidas and Mycamine), Diflucan (fluconazole), or Abelcet (amphotericin B). Diflucan is commonly the initial treatment choice, with blood yeast infections treated for about two weeks until symptoms and blood tests indicate the absence of Candida yeasts. Invasive candidiasis affecting bones, joints, heart, or the central nervous system requires longer treatment durations. Some Candida yeast strains have developed resistance to common treatments like Diflucan, leading to reduced effectiveness. In such cases, echinocandin IVs may be employed, as they can combat some azole-resistant yeasts while causing fewer side effects and drug interactions. Abelcet, an option for life-threatening fungal infections, is used with caution due to potential kidney damage and is not typically the first choice of treatment. Living With and Managing Yeast Infections Yeast infections, while uncomfortable, are typically not emergencies and can be effectively managed with appropriate treatment. Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. In cases of recurrent yeast infections (four or more per year), underlying health conditions like diabetes or weakened immune systems may be contributing factors, and lifestyle changes or alternative treatments may be recommended. Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as changing out of sweaty clothes and avoiding hot baths, can help prevent vaginal yeast infections. For individuals prone to recurrent infections, healthcare providers may offer guidance on additional measures to reduce their occurrence. In summary, yeast infections, although common and often treatable with antifungal medications, require careful diagnosis and treatment tailored to the specific type and severity of the infection. Seeking medical guidance ensures effective management and, when necessary, prevents complications associated with severe yeast infections.

Oct 13

6 Rules for How To Wear Your Underwear

Wearing the underwear the right way can help your vaginal health. Ensuring good vaginal health is essential for overall well-being, and surprisingly, your choice of underwear plays a significant role in this aspect. To maintain optimal vaginal health, you should consider a set of guidelines and recommendations that extend beyond simply wearing the right style of undergarments. In this comprehensive discussion, we will delve into Health’s six essential underwear rules, providing you with a holistic understanding of how to safeguard your vaginal health effectively. 1. Prioritize Comfort and Breathability The first and foremost rule in maintaining good vaginal health is to wear comfortable and breathable underwear. Tight-fitting undergarments, especially when worn for prolonged periods, can lead to discomfort and potentially harm your vaginal health. Such underwear limits airflow, increases body heat, and traps moisture, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth and infections. Opt for well-fitting underwear made from breathable materials, with cotton being the preferred choice. Cotton underwear promotes air circulation and minimizes the retention of moisture, offering a more hygienic environment for your vaginal region. Additionally, consider underwear with a cotton lining for added comfort and breathability. 2. Choose Skin-Sensitive Laundry Detergent To maintain the delicate balance of your vaginal area, it is crucial to treat the skin in this region with the utmost sensitivity. One way to achieve this is by using the right type of laundry detergent when washing your underwear. Some laundry detergents contain chemicals and enzymes that can be irritating to the vagina or the surrounding skin. It is advisable to avoid fabric softeners and detergents with enzymes, often referred to as biological detergents, when laundering your undergarments. Instead, opt for detergents specifically designed for sensitive skin or delicate clothing. This ensures that your underwear remains free from any potentially harmful residues that could affect your vaginal health. 3. Change Your Underwear Appropriately Regularly changing your underwear is a fundamental practice for maintaining vaginal health. Daily changes are essential, but there are additional circumstances to consider. During hot and sweaty summer days or post-workout, it’s crucial to change your underwear promptly to prevent dampness and discomfort. This is especially important for individuals prone to yeast infections, as excess sweat in the genital area can encourage yeast growth. Pay close attention to any signs of dampness, including moisture from vaginal discharge, and use this as a cue to replace your underwear promptly. Ensuring that your undergarments remain dry and fresh is a proactive measure in safeguarding your vaginal health. 4. Monitor Vaginal Discharge Vaginal discharge serves as a vital indicator of your vaginal health. Normal discharge is typically white or clear, but its quantity and consistency can vary from person to person. Pay close attention to any changes in your vaginal discharge, as this can provide valuable insights into your overall health. If you notice abnormal discharge, including blood-tinged, brown, foamy, or greenish-yellow discharge, it may be indicative of underlying infections such as yeast infections or sexually transmitted infections. In such cases, seeking medical advice from a healthcare provider is essential to address potential health concerns promptly. 5. Embrace Freedom While underwear serves as a crucial undergarment, there are instances where going without can be beneficial for your vaginal health. Sleeping without underwear, for example, allows for increased airflow and can be a healthier choice, particularly if you are experiencing vaginal itching or discharge issues. Adequate ventilation can aid in maintaining a more comfortable and hygienic environment. However, it’s essential to exercise discretion and consider your activities. Going without underwear may not be suitable when engaging in physical activities, such as exercise, or when wearing pants or shorts. In such situations, wearing underwear helps prevent discomfort, chafing, and skin irritation that can occur when skin rubs against skin or clothing. 6. Invest in Fresh Underwear The lifespan of underwear may not have an official time frame, but the condition of your undergarments can serve as a reliable indicator of when it’s time for replacements. If you have underwear that no longer fits due to size changes or elasticity issues, it’s advisable to invest in new pairs. Maintaining a collection of fresh and well-fitting underwear ensures your comfort and helps you adhere to the other rules for good vaginal health. Regularly evaluating the condition of your underwear and replacing worn-out pairs contributes to a hygienic and comfortable experience. In summary, your choice of underwear is a critical factor in maintaining and promoting vaginal health. By adhering to these six underwear rules—prioritizing comfort and breathability, using skin-sensitive laundry detergent, changing underwear appropriately, monitoring vaginal discharge, embracing freedom when suitable, and investing in fresh underwear—you can establish a foundation for optimal vaginal health. These practices, when combined with regular hygiene and healthcare check-ups, contribute to a healthier and more comfortable life. Comfort and breathability are paramount when it comes to underwear selection. Choosing fabrics like cotton or moisture-wicking materials helps to keep the vaginal area dry and free from excess moisture, which can lead to discomfort and potentially increase the risk of infections. Using a gentle, skin-sensitive laundry detergent ensures that your underwear remains free from irritating residues or chemicals that could irritate the delicate vaginal tissue. Frequent changes of underwear, ideally at least once a day, help to maintain cleanliness and reduce the risk of bacterial overgrowth or fungal infections. Monitoring vaginal discharge is crucial for early detection of any irregularities. Any sudden changes in color, odor, or consistency may be a sign of an underlying issue that requires medical attention. Embracing freedom from underwear when suitable, such as during sleep, allows for improved air circulation and reduces the likelihood of developing moisture-related problems. Finally, investing in fresh underwear means replacing old or worn-out pairs to maintain their effectiveness in supporting vaginal health. Combined with regular hygiene routines and healthcare check-ups, these practices can empower individuals to take proactive steps in caring for their vaginal well-being. Remember, a healthy body starts with small, thoughtful choices, and your underwear is an essential part of that equation.

Oct 13

What Are Yeast Infections?

In the realm of infections, bacteria and viruses often hog the spotlight, leaving the unassuming yeast Candida albicans lurking in the shadows. Candida albicans, naturally occurring on the skin and mucous membranes, such as the mouth, gut, and vagina, occasionally seizes the opportunity to unleash infections when it overgrows or ventures into new territories, triggering discomfort and distress in affected individuals. The prevalence of yeast infections remains challenging to estimate accurately, primarily due to many individuals opting for over-the-counter remedies for mild infections without seeking professional medical guidance. However, some forms of yeast infections are more common than others, with statistics suggesting that approximately 75 out of 100 women may encounter a vaginal yeast infection at some point in their lives. Invasive candidiasis, a more menacing variant of yeast infection, afflicts a smaller fraction of the population, standing at nine per 100,000 individuals. Fortunately, medical science has devised treatments capable of countering yeast infections in various bodily locales, allowing most sufferers to embark on a swift road to recovery. An Inclusive Approach: Gender and Sex Before delving into the multifaceted world of yeast infections, it’s essential to acknowledge that gender and sex are diverse spectrums. People may not identify with a specific gender or may not conform to traditional gender norms. The language used in this article aligns with research terminologies and outcomes, reflecting the gender- and sex-based nuances often emphasized in scientific investigations. Varieties of Yeast Infections Yeast infections are a versatile adversary, infiltrating various bodily domains. Although all share the same fungal culprit, a crucial distinction divides them into two categories: local mucocutaneous infections and invasive candidiasis. Local Mucocutaneous Infections Local mucocutaneous infections confine their assault to the skin and mucous membranes. While less menacing than their invasive counterparts, these infections can still disrupt one’s life. Common examples encompass yeast infections of the mouth, often referred to as thrush, as well as those affecting the throat, esophagus, skin, penis, vulva, and vagina. Prompt intervention typically results in resolution within a week or two. Invasive Candidiasis Invasive candidiasis signifies a more formidable adversary, infiltrating the bloodstream or internal organs. Candidemia, where Candida infiltrates the bloodstream, stands as the most prevalent manifestation of invasive candidiasis, afflicting around 25,000 individuals annually in the United States. These invasive infections can be life-threatening, with mortality rates approaching 25%. The high mortality rate can be attributed to the vulnerability of most candidemia patients, often grappling with compromised immune systems or preexisting health conditions. Decoding Yeast Infection Symptoms Symptoms of yeast infections are as diverse as their locations within the body. Local mucocutaneous infections frequently provoke redness, itchiness, and soreness around the afflicted area. Distinct symptoms emerge depending on the infection site. For instance, oral yeast infections manifest as a loss of taste and the appearance of white patches on the tongue, inside the mouth, and throat. Vaginal yeast infections may induce pain during sexual intercourse, urination discomfort, and abnormal vaginal discharge. Invasive candidiasis mirrors the symptoms of bacterial or viral infections, often featuring fever and chills. When invasive infection extends beyond the bloodstream, affecting other bodily regions, additional symptoms may surface. Unmasking the Culprit: What Triggers Yeast Infections? Candida albicans, a ubiquitous yeast species, naturally inhabits the mouth, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract without causing issues. However, when various factors trigger an overgrowth of this yeast or other yeast species, infection ensues. Risk Factors: The Precarious Balance Yeast infections are categorized as opportunistic infections, primarily emerging in individuals with compromised immune systems. Specific yeast infections carry unique risk factors. For instance, vaginal candidiasis risk factors encompass the usage of oral contraceptives, pregnancy, or diabetes. Additional risk factors for yeast infections include: Diagnosis: Unraveling the Intricacies Diagnosing a yeast infection hinges on several factors, such as the infection’s location, severity, the patient’s age, and their immune system status. Healthcare providers commence the diagnostic process by delving into the patient’s symptoms, medication history, and medical background. Sample collection from the affected site constitutes a common diagnostic approach, encompassing vaginal discharge sampling for vaginal yeast infections or mouth swabs for oral candidiasis. In cases of suspected invasive candidiasis, a blood sample may be required to detect yeast in the bloodstream. In certain scenarios, providers may opt for treatment based on clinical suspicion without awaiting diagnostic confirmation. Tailored Treatments for Yeast Infections Treatment for yeast infections is not a one-size-fits-all approach; it hinges on several variables: Local mucocutaneous infections frequently yield to treatment within a week or two, with antifungal medications administered through creams, powders, mouthwashes, or oral pills. If the initial treatment proves ineffective or recurrent infections emerge, healthcare providers may recommend an extended course of oral medication or explore alternative antifungal options, including intravenous administration. Invasive candidiasis necessitates intravenous (IV) medication in nearly all cases. Treatment for bloodstream-invading Candida persists until symptoms abate and yeast is undetectable in the bloodstream, followed by an additional two weeks of treatment. Complications arising from yeast migration to organs, bones, joints, or the nervous system may mandate prolonged treatment. A Looming Challenge: Antifungal Resistance Antifungal drug resistance, akin to antimicrobial resistance in bacterial infections, poses a growing concern. Recent CDC data reveals that approximately 7% of Candida blood samples exhibited resistance to the antifungal drug fluconazole. This underscores the critical importance of preventive measures to mitigate the onset of these infections, emphasizing the necessity of proactive strategies. Prevention: Nipping Infections in the Bud Prophylactic antifungal medication is administered to high-risk groups, a preemptive measure to thwart the initiation of invasive infections. This strategy is extended to individuals in intensive care units (ICUs), recipients of specific organ transplants, patients undergoing certain chemotherapy regimens, those with diminished white blood cell counts, and infants with exceptionally low birth weights. Preventative steps against localized yeast infections are contingent on the infection site. For example, maintaining impeccable oral hygiene can stave off oral Candida, while individuals susceptible to vaginal yeast infections should explore birth control options that reduce their infection risk. Related Conditions: Connecting the Dots Specific medical conditions elevate the risk of yeast infections,

Oct 13

Can Stress Give You a Yeast Infection?

Stress does not cause yeast infections but can increase your risk of getting one. Vaginal yeast infections are a common ailment experienced by many women, stemming from an overgrowth of yeast within the body. While yeast is a natural component found on the skin, in the mouth, intestines, and the vagina, an imbalance can lead to harmful overgrowth. This overgrowth can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle habits and the state of your immune system. The role of stress in the development of yeast infections has been a topic of discussion, with some individuals wondering whether it might be a direct cause. To shed light on this issue, we turn to medical experts for insights and explore the potential connections between stress and yeast infections. Stress as a Contributing Factor Dr. Donnica Moore, a renowned OB-GYN and the distinguished president of Sapphire Women’s Health Group situated in the picturesque state of New Jersey, offers invaluable insights into the complex relationship between stress and health. In her extensive medical experience, Dr. Moore underscores the undeniable connection between stress and various health issues, emphasizing that stress can indeed play a pivotal role in our overall well-being. However, when it comes to the specific matter of yeast infections, she asserts that the causative link is not as straightforward as it might initially seem. In her erudite perspective, Dr. Moore clarifies that while stress is a significant factor in the realm of health, there is no definitive and irrefutable evidence that stress alone serves as the direct and exclusive catalyst for yeast infections. Instead, the intricacies of this issue unravel as we delve deeper into the physiology of the human body. Yeast infections, she elucidates, materialize when there is a delicate equilibrium between bacteria and yeast in the vaginal area, which is disrupted. A multitude of factors can tip this balance askew, including but not limited to antibiotic use, hormonal birth control methods, suboptimal vaginal hygiene practices, and the hormonal fluctuations that occur during the transformative phases of pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is within this nuanced context that we must consider the role of stress. Dr. Moore emphasizes that stress, as an isolated variable, may not be the primary instigator of yeast infections. Nevertheless, it can be a pivotal player in the intricate interplay of factors. Stress, she argues, has the potential to affect the immune system, potentially compromising its robustness and resilience. In this weakened state, individuals might become more susceptible to various infections, yeast infections included. However, the connection between stress and yeast infections is not a simple cause-and-effect relationship. Stress is more likely to exacerbate existing vulnerabilities or make infections more persistent and prone to recurrence rather than being the sole trigger. In essence, it acts as a complicating factor within a broader framework of influences. In conclusion, Dr. Donnica Moore’s extensive expertise in the field of women’s health casts a spotlight on the intricate dance between stress and yeast infections. While stress undoubtedly wields a significant influence over our health, it does not operate in isolation. Instead, it interacts with a myriad of other factors, such as hormonal changes and hygiene practices, in shaping the complex landscape of yeast infections. Understanding this intricate web of influences is essential in providing comprehensive and effective healthcare guidance to women seeking to maintain their reproductive health and overall well-being. The Stress-Yeast Connection The link between stress and yeast infections is indeed a complex one, and it involves various physiological mechanisms. Cortisol, often referred to as the “stress hormone,” plays a crucial role in this relationship. When the body experiences stress, the adrenal glands release cortisol as part of the fight-or-flight response. While cortisol is essential for managing stress, prolonged or chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which can have several adverse effects on the body. One of the key ways in which elevated cortisol levels can contribute to yeast infections is by impacting blood sugar levels. Cortisol triggers the release of glucose into the bloodstream, providing energy for the body’s response to stress. However, prolonged stress can lead to consistently elevated blood sugar levels, which can create a favorable environment for yeast overgrowth. Yeast, particularly Candida species, thrive in environments rich in sugar. The excess sugar in the bloodstream can serve as a ready source of nourishment for yeast, potentially leading to their rapid growth and the development of an infection. Exploring the Causes of Recurrent Yeast Infections For individuals experiencing recurrent yeast infections, identifying the underlying causes becomes crucial. Healthcare providers can conduct various tests to assess potential factors contributing to these infections. Dr. Mary Jane Minkin, a clinical professor of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive sciences at Yale Medical School, outlines her approach to investigating recurrent yeast infections. 1. Blood Tests: Initial tests may include blood screenings to rule out diabetes, as high blood sugar levels can promote yeast overgrowth. 2. HIV Testing: Since HIV weakens the immune system and increases vulnerability to infections, an HIV test is recommended. 3. Cortisol Levels: Measuring cortisol levels can help determine if stress is a contributing factor. Elevated cortisol may lead to increased blood sugar, creating an environment conducive to yeast growth. Managing and Preventing Yeast Infections For those seeking treatment and prevention strategies for yeast infections, the following steps are advisable: 1. Confirm the Diagnosis: If you suspect a yeast infection, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations. 2. Stress Reduction: Implement stress-reduction techniques as part of your daily routine. Strategies such as regular exercise, meditation, reduced workloads, adequate sleep, and therapy can help alleviate stress. 3. Dietary Adjustments: Consider modifying your diet to minimize sugar intake, as yeast thrives on sugar-rich environments. 4. Medication: Depending on the severity of the infection, treatment options may include over-the-counter creams or prescription anti-yeast medications. While there is no definitive evidence to support the idea that stress directly causes yeast infections, chronic stress can contribute to an environment conducive to yeast overgrowth. Stress management, in conjunction with good

Oct 13

Can You Give Your Partner a Yeast Infection?

Here’s what to know about dealing with a yeast infection during sex. Intimacy in a relationship often brings about a multitude of thoughts and questions. If you, or your partner, experience a yeast infection, the concern may arise about whether it could spread to your partner. Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vaginal candidiasis, are common occurrences caused by a fungal species known as yeast. While yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is possible to transmit a yeast infection to a partner during sexual activity. In this article, we will explore how yeast infections spread, conditions similar to yeast infections, and effective treatment options. Factors That Increase the Risk of Yeast Infections Several factors increase the likelihood of developing a yeast infection, including: 1. Pregnancy: Pregnancy can alter hormone levels and increase the risk of yeast infections. 2. Hormonal Contraceptives: The use of hormonal contraceptives can influence hormone levels, potentially contributing to yeast infections. 3. Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes may be more susceptible to yeast infections, as elevated blood sugar levels can encourage yeast growth. 4. Weakened Immune System: A compromised immune system can reduce the body’s ability to combat infections, including yeast infections. 5. Antibiotic Use: Taking antibiotics can disrupt the balance of microorganisms in the body, potentially leading to yeast overgrowth. Understanding the Transmission of Yeast Infections While yeast infections are not considered STIs, they can still be transmitted to a partner during sexual activity. The typical symptoms of a yeast infection may manifest following vaginal, anal, or oral sex. These symptoms can include: Penile Yeast Infections Approximately 15% of male partners may develop symptoms such as an itchy rash on the penis after engaging in unprotected sex with a partner who has a yeast infection. Individuals who are uncircumcised or have diabetes may have a higher risk of yeast infections. Vaginal Yeast Infections In cases where both partners are female, there is a potential for yeast infections to be transmitted between them. Shared sex toys or the exchange of vaginal fluids may carry a minimal risk of transmitting yeast infections. Oral Yeast Infections Although yeast infections are primarily spread through vaginal sex, there is a possibility of yeast spreading to the oral cavity if a person engages in oral sex with a partner who has a yeast infection. This condition is known as thrush or oral thrush and may present symptoms such as an itchy, irritated mouth with white patches or sores. Conditions Resembling Yeast Infections Several conditions exhibit symptoms similar to yeast infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) UTIs are caused by the introduction of bacteria into the bladder and are characterized by symptoms such as pain while urinating, lower abdominal pressure, foul-smelling urine, blood in the urine, fatigue, and fever. Although UTIs can develop after sexual activity, they cannot be transmitted to a partner. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) BV occurs due to an imbalance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina. Risk factors for BV include douching, lack of condom use, having multiple sexual partners, and new sexual partners. BV cannot be transmitted to male partners but may be transmitted between female partners. Effective Treatments Regardless of how a yeast infection is acquired, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for confirmation of the diagnosis. If both partners exhibit symptoms, seeking medical advice is advisable. Treatment options for yeast infections include antifungal medications. A healthcare provider may prescribe antifungal medication, such as fluconazole, or recommend over-the-counter (OTC) treatments like creams, tablets, ointments, or suppositories. The duration of treatment varies, with some requiring daily doses for up to seven days. In cases of recurrent yeast infections, long-term antifungal medication may be recommended. Sexual Activity During a Yeast Infection Should you or your partner experience a yeast infection and wish to engage in sexual activity, experts recommend practicing abstinence. Intercourse during a yeast infection can be uncomfortable or painful, particularly when symptoms are exacerbated. Dr. Sherry A. Ross, a Los Angeles-based OB-GYN and author, advises against engaging in sexual activity when a vaginal infection is present. She emphasizes that it is essential to wait until the infection has been fully treated. Conclusion In summary, yeast infections, though not officially classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can indeed be transmitted between sexual partners during intimate activities. While they are primarily caused by the overgrowth of the fungus Candida, which naturally resides in the body, certain sexual practices can increase the risk of transmission. Consequently, if you suspect you have a yeast infection, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for a definitive diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It’s crucial to recognize that several other conditions can share symptoms with yeast infections, leading to potential confusion and misdiagnosis. Two common examples are urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). UTIs often involve symptoms like frequent urination, a burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal discomfort, which can overlap with the discomfort experienced in yeast infections. BV, on the other hand, may manifest with symptoms like unusual vaginal discharge and odor, similar to those of yeast infections. Given these overlapping symptoms, self-diagnosis and treatment without professional guidance can lead to incorrect choices in addressing the issue at hand. This can result in delayed relief from symptoms and, in some cases, even exacerbation of the underlying problem. Seeking medical guidance is essential for several reasons. First and foremost, it ensures that the correct diagnosis is made. This is vital because while yeast infections can often be managed with over-the-counter antifungal medications, other conditions may require different treatments, such as antibiotics for UTIs or specific medications for BV. Accurate diagnosis leads to more effective and targeted treatments, promoting the swift resolution of symptoms and a return to optimal intimate health. Furthermore, healthcare providers can offer valuable insights into the potential causes of recurrent yeast infections. They may explore factors such as changes in diet, hormonal fluctuations, or underlying health conditions that could contribute to the recurrence of

Oct 13

4 Things Never to Say to Someone With Vitiligo—Even if You Don’t Mean Any Harm

Take note: All of these comments are unhelpful—and can even be hurtful. Vitiligo is a skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing patches of skin to lose their natural color. The color of our skin is determined by a pigment called melanin, which is produced by melanocytes. When a person has vitiligo, these melanocytes either stop functioning or die, resulting in the loss of melanin production. This condition can affect anyone, regardless of their age or ethnicity, although it may be more noticeable in individuals with darker skin tones. While vitiligo is not life-threatening, it can profoundly impact an individual’s physical appearance and emotional well-being. Living with vitiligo can be challenging, especially when it develops during childhood, a period when children are learning about their bodies and forming their identities. Those with vitiligo often face bullying and insensitive comments, making it essential for us to be mindful of our words and actions when interacting with individuals living with this condition. In this exploration, we will hear from four individuals who have vitiligo and learn about the comments and behaviors that can be hurtful or insensitive when engaging with someone affected by this condition. 1. Avoid Asking if Vitiligo Is Contagious One of the most important things to remember when interacting with someone who has vitiligo is to avoid asking if the condition is contagious. Mariah Perkins, a 22-year-old living with vitiligo, shared her experience of someone asking her this question. Such inquiries can deeply affect individuals with vitiligo, as they imply that their skin is undesirable or even repulsive. For many, vitiligo onset occurs during adolescence, a vulnerable period when individuals may be particularly sensitive about their appearance. Mckyla Crowder, who has lived with vitiligo since the age of 4, echoed this sentiment, emphasizing the importance of treating people with vitiligo with the same respect and consideration as anyone else. She emphasized that individuals with vitiligo are still the same on the inside, and their condition does not define their worth or character. 2. Avoid Recommending Products to “Fix” Their Skin Another insensitive comment is suggesting products that claim to “fix” or conceal vitiligo-affected skin. Marian De Vos shared her experience of being referred to a product that promised to provide full coverage for her skin, similar to a foundation for the entire body. While some people with vitiligo may choose to cover their skin using makeup, it is a deeply personal decision that should not be influenced by unsolicited product recommendations. Mariah Perkins, too, went through a phase of using makeup to conceal her vitiligo, a practice that was both time-consuming and expensive. Eventually, she made the courageous decision to stop using makeup to hide her vitiligo. Similarly, Mckyla Crowder used makeup and layers of clothing to hide her symptoms, especially during high school, when she became acutely aware of her differences. However, she eventually embraced her true self and found a supportive community that helped her come out of her shell. 3. Avoid Labeling Their Skin as “Flawed” or “Imperfect” When interacting with someone with vitiligo, it is vital to refrain from using derogatory terms like “flawed” or “imperfect” to describe their skin. Such comments can have a profoundly negative impact on their self-esteem and body image. As Marian De Vos eloquently put it, referring to individuals with vitiligo as “imperfect” can cause them to doubt themselves and their self-worth. Embracing one’s appearance is challenging enough, and using derogatory language only adds to the burden. Mckyla Crowder emphasized that vitiligo is not a flaw, and it does not cause physical pain. Just as you wouldn’t label someone else’s condition as a “flaw,” it is crucial to extend the same courtesy to individuals with vitiligo. 4. Do Not Comment on New or Changing Spots Vitiligo is a condition that typically progresses slowly over time, with pigment loss spreading to involve more of the skin. Rarely, some individuals may experience repigmentation. It is essential to avoid pointing out changes in someone’s vitiligo-affected skin, as they are acutely aware of these developments. For individuals living with vitiligo, accepting the changing nature of their skin can be a challenging journey. Chelsey Hamilton, a 25-year-old with vitiligo, shared her experience of friends noticing new white patches on her skin. Such comments, even when well-intentioned, can be uncomfortable for individuals with vitiligo, as they are still coming to terms with their changing bodies. 5. Respect Their Privacy and Choices When meeting someone with vitiligo for the first time, it is important to respect their privacy and choices regarding their condition. Not everyone is ready to discuss or acknowledge their vitiligo openly, and making unsolicited comments about their skin can be distressing. Each person’s journey with vitiligo is unique, and some may not be ready to embrace their condition fully. In conclusion, understanding and supporting individuals with vitiligo requires sensitivity, empathy, and respect for their unique experiences and choices. Avoiding hurtful comments and behavior and treating them with kindness and understanding can go a long way in creating a more inclusive and supportive society for those living with vitiligo.

Oct 13

Lincoln inadequate GP surgery left blood results for days

Google A GP practice where some abnormal blood results were not reviewed quickly enough has been put in special measures by the health watchdog. Emergency equipment at Richmond Medical Centre in North Hykeham, near Lincoln, also had no instructions in English, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) said. Greg Reilly from the CQC said the inspectors’ findings were “concerning”. The medical centre said “significant changes” had been made since the inspection. Staff at the practice told inspectors in May 2023 that equipment regularly went missing from the emergency trollies. They also said GPs “weren’t visible” and this was “having an impact on people’s care”. ‘Warning notice’ The inspectors found the surgery did not review blood tests on the day the results arrived, meaning there were 32 outstanding abnormal results awaiting action after three days of being received. There were “127 patients with a potential undiagnosed long term condition following blood results,” according to the report. Patients were also unable to get through to the practice “in a timely manner” by telephone. Mr Reilly said: “We’ve used our enforcement powers and issued a warning notice which highlight the areas we need to see significant and immediate improvements. “In the meantime, we’ll continue to monitor this service, including through further inspections, to make sure people are receiving the safe care they deserve, and won’t hesitate to take further action if needed.” ‘Kindness and respect’ But inspectors said staff at the surgery “treated patients with kindness, respect and compassion and helped patients to be involved in decisions about care”. A spokesperson for the practice said the management of blood test results had been changed and staff training had taken place since the inspection. “We feel that the report published today no longer reflects our current position and we are working closely with the CQC in order to be re-inspected as soon as possible,” they said. “As a medical centre we have faced a number of challenges over the past 12 months, and we accept that at the time of the inspection, some of our processes were not to a standard we all aspire to.” Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected] Related Topics North Hykeham Lincoln Care Quality Commission Related Internet Links Care Quality Commission Richmond Medical Centre The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.