Oct 14

Police: Rensselaer County man drove with blood alcohol content nearly 5 times the legal limit

A Rensselaer County man has died — two days after he was arrested for allegedly driving with a blood alcohol level nearly five times the legal limit. Thomas R. Murphy, 45, of Wynantskill, was arrested after a traffic stop on Oct. 9 at about 2 a.m. in Sand Lake. Troopers responded to a report of a car off the roadway at the intersection of Miller Road and Snake Hill Road. Murphy denied he was injured and was charged with DWI and other traffic violations. He was transported to the State Police station in Sand Lake, where he recorded a 0.38% blood alcohol concentration. The legal limit for intoxication is 0.08%. Murphy was issued tickets to appear at a later date and released to a sober third party. Update: Murphy died on Oct. 11, according to Legacy.com.

Oct 14

Oct. 26: GGH to host blood drive

GENEVA — Geneva General Hospital will host an American Red Cross blood drive from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Oct. 26 in Conference Room A/B on the basement level of the 196 North St. facility. The Red Cross is facing a national blood crisis, its worst blood shortage in over a decade, posing a concerning risk to patient care. Blood and platelet donations are critically needed to help prevent further delays in vital medical treatments. To schedule an appointment, contact Alicia at [email protected] or visit redcrossblood.org and enter keyword GENEVAHOSPITAL. Those interested also can call 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767).

Oct 14

Rare ‘flesh-eating’ bacterium spreads north as oceans warm, including CT. What to know.

Debbie King barely gave it a second thought when she scraped her right shin climbing onto her friend’s pontoon for a day of boating in the Gulf of Mexico on Aug. 13. Even though her friend immediately dressed the slight cut, her shin was red and sore when King awoke the next day. It must be a sunburn, she thought. But three days later, the red and blistered area had grown. Her doctor took one look and sent King, 72, to the emergency room. Doctors at HCA Florida Citrus Hospital in Inverness, Florida, rushed King into surgery after recognizing the infection as Vibrio vulnificus, a potentially fatal bacterium that kills healthy tissue around a wound. While King lay on the operating table, the surgeon told her husband she would likely die if they didn’t amputate. Second person dies from infection contracted in CT waters Just four days after the scrape, King lost her leg then spent four days in intensive care. “The flesh was gone; it was just bone,” she said of her leg. Cases of V. vulnificus are rare. Between 150 and 200 are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention every year, with about 20% resulting in death. Most are in states along the Gulf of Mexico, but, in 2019, 7% were on the Pacific Coast. Florida averages about 37 cases and 10 deaths a year. But a rise in cases nationally and the spread of the disease to states farther north — into coastal communities in states such as Connecticut, New York, and North Carolina — have heightened concerns about the bacterium, which can result in amputations or extensive removal of tissue even in those who survive its infections. And warmer coastal waters caused by climate change, combined with a growing population of older adults, may result in infections doubling by 2060, a study in Scientific Reports warned earlier this year. “Vibrio distributions are driven in large part by temperature,” said Tracy Mincer, an assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University. “The warmer waters are, the more favorable it is for them.” The eastern United States has seen an eightfold increase in infections over a 30-year period through 2018 as the geographic range of infections shifted north by about 30 miles a year, according to the study, which was cited in a CDC health advisory last month. The advisory was intended to make doctors more aware of the bacterium when treating infected wounds exposed to coastal waters. Infections can also arise from eating raw or undercooked seafood, particularly oysters, it warned. That can cause symptoms as common as diarrhea and as serious as bloodstream infections and severe blistered skin lesions. New York and Connecticut this summer issued health warnings about the risk of infection as well. It’s not the first year either state has recorded cases. CT health department: 1 person dies, 2 made ill from eating raw shellfish or swimming in LI Sound “There’s very few cases but when they happen, they’re devastating,” said Paul A. Gulig, a professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at the University of Florida College of Medicine. ‘An Accident of Nature’ Vibrio has more than 100 strains, including the bacterium that causes cholera, a disease that causes tens of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. The V. vulnificus strain likes warm brackish waters close to shorelines where the salinity is not as high as in the open sea. Unlike some other Vibrio strains, it has no mechanism to spread between humans. It’s found in oysters because the mollusks feed by filtering water, meaning the bacterium can become concentrated in oyster flesh. It can enter humans who swim in salty or brackish waters through the slightest cut in the skin. Infections are treated with antibiotics and, if needed, surgery. “It’s almost an accident of nature,” Gulig said. “They have all these virulence factors that make them really destructive, but we’re not a part of this bug’s life cycle.” Once inside the human body, the bacteria thrive. Scientists don’t believe the bacteria eat flesh, despite how they’re often described. Rather, enzymes and toxins secreted by the bacterium as it multiplies break down the human tissue in the area below the skin, causing necrosis, or death of tissue cells. The infection spreads like wildfire, Gulig said, making early detection critical. “If you take a pen and mark where the edge of the redness is and then look at that two or four hours later, the redness would have moved,” Gulig said. “You can almost sit there and watch this spread.” Researchers have conducted studies on the bacteria, but the small number of cases and deaths make it tough to secure funding, said Gulig. He said he switched his research focus to other areas because of the lack of money. But growing interest in the bacteria has prompted talk about new research at his university’s Emerging Pathogens Institute. Examining the bacteria’s genome sequence and comparing it with those of Vibrio strains that don’t attack human flesh could yield insights into potential drugs to interfere with that process, Gulig said. Shock and Loss Inside the operating room at HCA Florida Citrus, the only signs of King’s infection were on her shin. The surgeon opened that area and began cutting away a bright red mush of dead flesh. Hoping to save as much of the leg as possible, the doctor first amputated below her knee. But the bacteria had spread farther than doctors had hoped. A second amputation, this time 5 inches above the knee, had to be performed. After surgery, King remained in critical care for four days with sepsis, a reaction to infection that can cause organs to fail. Her son was there when she awakened. He was the one who told her she had lost her leg, but she was too woozy from medication to take it in. It wasn’t until she was transferred to a rehab hospital in nearby Brooksville run by Encompass Health that the loss sank

Oct 14

What Does It Mean to Have a Chronic Sinus Infection?

Chronic sinusitis lasts way longer than an acute infection—and it’s not the same as recurring infections either. Sinus infections, with their myriad variations, can cast a shadow over our well-being. While acute sinusitis, the common short-term variety, tends to heal within a week or so, chronic sinusitis lingers, causing prolonged discomfort. Understanding the nuances of chronic sinus infections—what causes them, how to recognize their symptoms, and ways to manage and prevent them—can be vital for those affected. In this comprehensive guide, we delve deep into the realm of chronic sinusitis, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, treatments, and preventive measures. Defining Chronic Sinusitis Differentiating Acute, Chronic, and Recurrent Sinus Infections To navigate the world of sinus infections effectively, it’s essential to distinguish between acute, chronic, and recurrent sinusitis. Acute sinusitis, the most prevalent form, typically lasts for a brief duration, usually seven to ten days. In contrast, chronic sinusitis extends its unwelcome stay for a protracted period, a daunting 12 weeks or more. Dr. Christie Barnes, an expert in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, defines chronic sinusitis as follows: “Someone who’s got three months of difficulty breathing through their nose, decreased smell and taste, facial pain and pressure, and drainage without any breaks, that’s considered chronic sinusitis.” On the other hand, recurrent sinusitis manifests as multiple sinus infections, with symptom remission between episodes, usually involving at least four occurrences within a year. Unraveling the Causes of Chronic Sinusitis A Multifaceted Etiology While most acute sinus infections result from viruses or bacteria, chronic sinusitis often involves more complex factors. Dr. Barnes emphasizes that chronic sinusitis doesn’t exclusively equate to infection; underlying inflammatory conditions frequently play a pivotal role. Underlying inflammatory conditions can encompass a range of issues, such as asthma, which is found in about one-fifth of individuals with chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis may also be linked to persistent allergies, particularly those triggered by year-round culprits like dust, animal dander, and cockroaches. Anatomical considerations cannot be overlooked in the chronic sinusitis puzzle. Any factor that narrows nasal passages, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, can increase susceptibility to long-term sinusitis. Dr. Barnes explains, “Usually there’s some issue with the sinuses not being able to drain properly. Nasal polyps can cause structural blockages in the sinuses themselves. Really severe septal deviation can sometimes cause difficulty with drainage.” Exposure to secondhand smoke and other pollutants can also elevate the risk of chronic sinus infections. Conditions like cystic fibrosis, which impairs mucus clearance, and immune disorders like HIV/AIDS, can also contribute to chronic sinusitis. Chronic Sinusitis Symptoms: A Troubling Constellation The core of sinusitis, chronic or acute, revolves around the accumulation of mucus within the sinus cavities. Irrespective of the underlying cause, the symptoms of sinusitis tend to manifest in a similar fashion. As nasal passages become congested, breathing through the nose becomes challenging. Pain and swelling may ensue around the nose, eyes, cheeks, or forehead, each corresponding to a specific sinus cavity. Other classic symptoms include post-nasal drip, nasal discharge, and a diminished sense of smell and taste. In some cases, individuals with chronic sinus infections may experience a persistent cough, sore throat, and halitosis (bad breath). Notably, congestion typically affects both sides of the nose and head, although one side may exhibit more severe symptoms than the other. The diagnosis of chronic sinusitis hinges on the duration of these symptoms and may involve medical tools such as an endoscope or imaging scans like MRI or CT scans to identify root causes like nasal polyps. Treatment Strategies for Chronic Sinusitis Addressing the Underlying Causes To effectively manage chronic sinusitis, addressing the underlying causes is paramount. In cases where nasal polyps or uncontrolled allergies are contributing factors, corrective measures should be taken. The symptomatic treatment of chronic sinusitis mirrors that of acute sinusitis. Topical nasal steroids, nasal rinses, and nasal corticosteroids (available over the counter) are commonly employed to alleviate swelling and promote mucus clearance. Pain relievers such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen can provide relief from sinus pressure-related discomfort. Antihistamines may prove beneficial if allergies underlie the condition, while decongestants should be used sparingly, especially if hypertension is a concern. Mucolytics like Mucinex are designed to liquefy mucus, facilitating drainage. Preventing Chronic Sinus Infections A Proactive Approach Preventing chronic sinus infections entails collaboration with medical professionals to identify and mitigate risk factors comprehensively. While surgical intervention may be necessary for individuals with obstructive nasal polyps, it’s just one part of a broader strategy. Effective management of allergies is paramount in preventing recurrent sinus infections. Allergies can exacerbate sinusitis symptoms, so consulting with an allergist to pinpoint specific allergens and develop a personalized treatment plan is crucial. Avoiding smoke and other air irritants, such as pollutants and strong odors, can also reduce the risk of sinus irritation. Using humidifiers can help maintain optimal humidity levels in your home, preventing the drying of nasal passages that can lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Additionally, adopting precautions against respiratory infections, like practicing good hand hygiene, getting recommended vaccines, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, can significantly reduce the chances of viral-induced sinusitis. In conclusion, chronic sinusitis presents a formidable challenge that requires a multi-faceted approach encompassing medical consultation, surgical intervention when necessary, allergy management, environmental precautions, and infection prevention. Understanding its diverse causes, recognizing its constellation of symptoms, and implementing appropriate treatments and preventive measures can help individuals regain their quality of life in the face of this persistent condition. With proactive management and the guidance of healthcare experts, chronic sinusitis need not cast a perpetual shadow on one’s well-being.

Oct 14

What Is Vocal Fry?

Vocal fry, also known as creaky voice, is a distinctive voice tone characterized by a raspy and scratchy quality, often most pronounced at the end of sentences. This phenomenon is produced when the larger, relaxed vocal cords vibrate slowly, resulting in a lower pitch. While vocal fry can be a natural vocal register for some individuals, others may intentionally switch to this lower register, either as a learned social habit or due to external influences. Moreover, vocal fry can also serve as a potential indicator of underlying health conditions. Is Vocal Fry Harmful? In most cases, vocal fry itself is not physically harmful. It typically doesn’t lead to severe health issues, but it can be associated with certain health conditions, including voice disorders or other respiratory and neurological issues. Individuals who experience vocal fry not linked to health conditions may occasionally encounter hoarseness or a scratchy sensation in the throat, but it is typically not physically detrimental. Nonetheless, vocal fry can have a significant impact on various aspects of a person’s life. The human voice plays a crucial role in shaping how others perceive an individual’s social status, personality traits, and emotions. Despite some evolving social acceptance of vocal fry, research has shown that it can still carry negative social connotations. For instance, young adult women with vocal fry may be unfairly perceived as less educated, competent, or hirable in workplace settings. Interestingly, men employing vocal fry do not face the same level of negative perception. Therefore, while vocal fry may not pose a direct physical threat, its societal implications highlight the importance of understanding and addressing this vocal quality, especially in contexts where social perception plays a significant role, such as professional and interpersonal relationships. It underscores the need for individuals to be aware of their vocal patterns and, if necessary, seek guidance from professionals to improve their vocal quality and communication effectiveness. Why Do People Exhibit Vocal Fry? in shaping the quality of one’s voice. Vocal fry tends to be more pronounced in individuals with thicker vocal cords that vibrate slowly and do not fully close during speech production. Beyond physiological factors, social and cultural influences also play a role in the prevalence of vocal fry. It’s often adopted as a learned speech habit, influenced by popular culture and societal trends. Interestingly, this speech pattern is notably common in the English language, and bilingual individuals may use it more frequently when speaking English compared to other languages. However, vocal fry isn’t always a conscious choice. It can result from underlying health conditions like vocal fold lesions, leading to irregular vocal cord vibrations. In such cases, vocal fry persists throughout sentences and is often accompanied by symptoms such as vocal fatigue and throat pain. It’s essential to note that vocal fry is not exclusive to any particular gender; individuals of all genders can exhibit this speech pattern. Overall, vocal fry is a multifaceted aspect of speech influenced by a combination of physical, social, and health-related factors. Managing Vocal Fry For individuals experiencing vocal fry not related to medical issues, there may be no need for significant changes in speech patterns. However, overuse and misuse of the voice can have consequences for throat health and speech patterns. To alleviate discomfort associated with vocal fry, individuals can take several at-home measures to protect and strengthen their voice: 1. Stay Hydrated: Drinking ample water helps maintain vocal cord health. 2. Rest Your Voice: Taking breaks and allowing periods of rest for the vocal cords during the day can prevent strain. 3. Avoid Extreme Pitches: Refrain from speaking at unnaturally low or high pitches, as well as from speaking too softly or too loudly. 4. Dietary Considerations: Avoiding triggers for acid reflux, such as spicy or acidic foods, can be beneficial. 5. Medication Use: Limit the use of medications that may dry out the vocal cords, but consult a healthcare provider before making changes. 6. Physical Health: Regular exercise and good posture contribute to voice strength. 7. Stress Management: Managing stress and ensuring adequate rest can mitigate the effects of tension or fatigue on the voice. When vocal fry is suspected to result from an underlying health condition, a healthcare provider may recommend a laryngoscopy—a diagnostic procedure involving the insertion of a small, flexible tube with a camera into the throat to visualize the larynx and vocal cords. This allows for a closer examination of the vocal cords to identify any structural abnormalities, growths, or other issues that may be contributing to the vocal fry. Based on the findings, individuals with vocal cord disorders may benefit from voice therapy sessions with a speech-language pathologist. Voice therapy is a specialized form of therapy that focuses on retraining and adjusting vocal patterns, often including exercises to enhance clarity, vocal strength, and proper breathing techniques. This therapy can be tailored to the specific needs of the individual, addressing the underlying causes of vocal fry and working to improve overall vocal health. In conclusion, vocal fry is a distinct voice quality that can have a range of causes, including natural vocal characteristics, learned habits, and health conditions affecting the vocal cords. While vocal fry itself is not physically harmful in most cases, it can carry negative societal perceptions, especially when associated with young women. Managing vocal fry can involve at-home strategies for throat health, such as staying hydrated and avoiding vocal strain, and, in some cases, professional voice therapy to address underlying issues. Understanding vocal fry as a unique aspect of speech can contribute to more informed conversations about voice quality and its diverse expressions. It is essential to approach the topic with sensitivity and awareness of the potential underlying factors that may contribute to vocal fry in individuals, allowing for better support and management when needed.

Oct 14

Signs and Symptoms of Ear Infection

Ear infections can be painful and discomforting conditions that affect individuals of all ages. They occur when bacteria, fungi, or viruses infiltrate the ear, leading to inflammation and a buildup of fluids. Ear infections can affect both the outer and middle ear, with middle ear infections, medically known as otitis media, being the most prevalent. This comprehensive guide explores the various aspects of ear infections, including their types, symptoms, and when it’s crucial to seek medical attention. Types of Ear Infections 1. Middle Ear Infections (Otitis Media): These infections occur when viruses or bacteria enter the space behind the eardrum, leading to inflammation and the accumulation of fluids. Common symptoms associated with middle ear infections include: 2. Outer Ear Infections (Otitis Externa or Swimmer’s Ear): These infections affect the external ear canal, often caused by water trapped in the ear canal, creating an environment for bacterial growth. Common symptoms of outer ear infections include: Symptoms in Children Ear infections are especially common in infants and children, with approximately five out of six children experiencing at least one ear infection by age 3. Recognizing symptoms in children can be challenging, as they may not be able to articulate their discomfort. In addition to the common symptoms experienced by adults, children may exhibit additional signs such as: When to Seek Medical Attention While many ear infections resolve on their own within two to three days and can be managed at home with over-the-counter pain relievers, certain symptoms warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. These symptoms include: Additionally, certain signs may indicate a more serious condition that necessitates immediate medical attention, such as: In cases of uncertainty or concern about the severity of symptoms, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider. They can perform a physical examination, provide a diagnosis, and recommend appropriate treatment to alleviate symptoms and ensure a swift recovery. Conclusion One of the most common types of ear infections is otitis media, which primarily affects children. Otitis media occurs when the middle ear becomes infected or inflamed due to bacteria or viruses. Symptoms of otitis media can include ear pain, fever, hearing difficulties, and irritability in infants and young children. It’s essential for parents and caregivers to be vigilant about these signs, as untreated ear infections can lead to complications such as hearing loss or the formation of an abscess. Another type of ear infection is otitis externa, commonly known as swimmer’s ear. This infection occurs in the ear canal and is often caused by excessive moisture or minor injuries to the ear canal lining. Symptoms of otitis externa include ear pain, itchiness, redness, and drainage of pus. Swimmer’s ear is more prevalent in individuals who frequently swim, but it can affect anyone who exposes their ears to excessive moisture or irritation. For adults, chronic ear infections may develop due to recurrent acute infections or other underlying health conditions. Chronic ear infections can lead to persistent ear pain, hearing loss, and even structural damage to the ear. Seeking medical attention for chronic ear infections is crucial to prevent long-term complications. In some cases, ear infections can be prevented through simple measures like keeping ears dry, avoiding the insertion of foreign objects into the ear canal, and practicing good hygiene. Additionally, staying up-to-date with vaccinations, especially for children, can help reduce the risk of infections like otitis media. In conclusion, ear infections are common but manageable conditions. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking timely medical advice is key to preventing complications and ensuring a swift recovery. Whether it’s a child with otitis media, an adult with chronic ear infections, or someone dealing with swimmer’s ear, taking proactive steps and staying informed about ear health is essential for overall well-being.

Oct 14

How To Safely Remove Ear Wax

Generally, you don’t need to remove ear wax. Still, in some cases, ear wax can harden and build up, causing discomfort. Ear wax, medically known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by the ear canal. While many people may view ear wax as a nuisance to be removed, it actually plays a crucial role in maintaining ear health. Understanding the function of ear wax and safe methods for managing excessive buildup can help individuals maintain optimal ear hygiene. The Role of Ear Wax Ear wax is not an unwanted residue but serves several essential functions within the ear canal. One of its primary roles is to keep the ear canal moist. This moisture prevents the delicate skin of the ear canal from becoming dry and prone to irritation or infection. Additionally, ear wax acts as a protective barrier, shielding the ear canal from dust, debris, and harmful microorganisms. It serves as a natural defense mechanism to prevent foreign objects from entering the ear and potentially causing damage. Moreover, ear wax naturally migrates from the ear canal towards the ear’s outer opening. This self-cleaning mechanism helps to expel old ear wax and any trapped particles, maintaining a healthy ear environment. Everyday activities such as chewing and talking assist in the gradual removal of ear wax. When Ear Wax Becomes a Problem While ear wax is typically beneficial, certain circumstances can lead to its accumulation and discomfort. Excessive ear wax buildup may cause sensations of fullness, clogging, or discomfort in the ear. It is important to note that in most cases, this is not a cause for immediate concern. Factors that can contribute to ear wax buildup include the use of cotton swabs or Q-tips for ear cleaning, as well as the production of unusually dense or sticky ear wax. In such cases, individuals may experience a need for ear wax removal. Safe At-Home Ear Wax Removal Methods If you find yourself needing to remove ear wax at home, there are safe and effective methods to consider. These methods aim to soften the ear wax and facilitate its natural expulsion from the ear canal. 1. Mineral Oil, Baby Oil, or Glycerin: These gentle substances can be used to soften and break up ear wax buildup. To apply, warm the chosen oil to body temperature and place a few drops into the affected ear. Repeat this process twice daily for several days or until the ear wax softens. While showering, allow warm water to flow into the ear to help flush out softened wax. 2. Ear Drops: Over-the-counter ear drops, like those containing mineral oil, can also soften ear wax. Follow the instructions provided on the product for proper usage. Generally, this involves tilting the head to apply the drops, keeping the head tilted for the recommended time, and flushing out softened wax with warm water. 3. Ear Syringing: Syringing the ear with warm water can be effective for ear wax removal. However, it’s crucial to soften the wax first with warm oil or ear drops. Gently guide warm water into the ear using a bulb syringe, tilt the head to allow the water to drain, and then clean the outer ear. It’s important to exercise caution when attempting at-home ear wax removal and to avoid using Q-tips or other objects that can potentially push ear wax deeper into the ear canal, risking injury or infection. Seeking Professional Help If at-home remedies do not resolve the issue or if you experience any concerning symptoms such as ear drainage, pain, fever, or hearing loss after attempting ear wax removal, it is advisable to contact a healthcare provider. They have specialized tools and expertise to safely remove excess ear wax. Individuals with a history of ear infections, ear tubes, surgery, or ruptured eardrums should consult an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist for ear wax removal. ENTs utilize dry tools, which can be preferable for those with a history of ear-related issues. Furthermore, it’s essential to address some common misconceptions about ear wax. Many people believe that ear wax should be completely eliminated from the ears, associating it with poor hygiene. However, this is not accurate. Ear wax is a natural and necessary substance that the body produces to protect the delicate ear canal. It has antibacterial properties that help prevent infections and keeps the ear canal moisturized. Ear wax typically moves naturally from the ear canal to the opening of the ear, where it dries up and falls out or is washed away during routine bathing. In most cases, there’s no need for active removal. In fact, inserting cotton swabs or other objects into the ear canal can push ear wax deeper, potentially causing blockages or injury to the ear canal. When ear wax buildup does occur and causes discomfort or hearing problems, it’s crucial to use safe removal methods. Over-the-counter ear drops or warm water irrigation under the guidance of a healthcare professional are common methods for ear wax removal. These methods can help soften the wax, making it easier to come out naturally or be removed safely. Additionally, individuals who wear hearing aids or earplugs regularly may be more prone to ear wax buildup. They should be especially vigilant about regular ear hygiene and may need more frequent check-ups with healthcare providers to ensure their ears stay clean and healthy. In summary, ear wax is a natural and protective substance that should not be completely eradicated from the ears. Instead, it should be managed when it causes issues using safe and appropriate methods. Consulting a healthcare provider or ENT specialist is advisable when dealing with ear wax-related concerns, as they can provide expert guidance and ensure proper care to maintain ear health. Remember that maintaining healthy ears includes understanding the functions of ear wax and its role in ear health.

Oct 14

Diet drinks may affect blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and gut microbiome

‘Full fat’ sugary drinks such as colas increase the risk of obesity and are generally off-limits for diabetics. But now a leading testing expert says there is increasing evidence that many diet drinks containing artificial sweeteners affect blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and our gut microbiome. It’s well-known that ‘full fat’ fizzy drinks such as colas, lemonades and energy drinks raise the risk of obesity, heart disease and diabetes. People who have one can or more a day have a 26% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sugary drinks rapidly increase blood sugar levels and this can lead to tiredness and increased hunger even in people without diabetes. Until now, their sugar-free diet equivalents have been regarded as the healthier alternative. While sugary drinks are generally off-limits for Britain’s 4.3 million registered diabetics (except in emergencies when their blood sugar levels need to rise rapidly), it’s not been thought that diet drinks pose a risk for diabetics or anyone trying to lose weight. However, a leading medical expert says there is now strong evidence that many types of artificial sweeteners used in diet drinks (and some foods) affect our blood sugar levels, worsen insulin resistance and alter our gut flora. Dr Avinash Hari Narayanan (MBChB), Clinical Lead at London Medical Laboratory, says: ‘The fact that many so-called “diet” drinks could be exacerbating symptoms for known diabetics, as well as severely affecting those who remain undiagnosed, is bad news. ‘London Medical Laboratory’s latest analysis reveals one million people in the UK are likely to have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. This invisible killer shortens lives by up to ten years. That’s why we launched our “Give the finger to diabetes” campaign to identify undiagnosed cases with a simple fingerprick blood test. In 2019, there were almost 14,000 diabetes-related deaths in the UK. The earlier people are diagnosed, the better the outcome. ‘Increasingly, diabetics and health-conscious people have turned to sugar-free versions of their favourite drinks. However, our analysis of the latest research finds that saccharin and sucralose are likely to increase blood sugar or glucose levels and adversely impact the gut microbiome (the collection of organisms that live in our digestive tracts). Researchers at John Hopkins University recently tested random groups of healthy, non-diabetic people and found that participants taking saccharin and sucralose had noticeable spikes in their blood sugar levels. ‘The researchers discovered that these sweeteners were influencing changes in bacteria in the gut and mouth. Changes were also identified in their blood samples. In fact, the blood metabolite changes in those people consuming saccharin and sucralose were so marked they were similar to those in people with diabetes or vascular diseases. Related Stories ‘The researchers concluded that “some commonly consumed non-nutritive sweeteners may not be physiologically inert in humans as previously contemplated.” Gut microbiome changes can cause spikes in blood glucose, impairing the body’s ability to effectively regulate glucose levels. ‘This finding has been strongly supported by a 2022 paper published in the journal “Microorganisms”, which concludes sucralose consumption can induce gut dysbiosis (imbalance) and altered glucose and insulin levels in healthy young adults. ‘Concerningly, it’s not just saccharin and sucralose-based sweeteners that are under investigation. Two recent trials reported in “Nutrition Reviews” have shown that consumption of another popular sweetener, aspartame, may affect our body’s concentrations of glucose, insulin and a hormone that reduces appetite and releases insulin called “glucagon-like peptide 1”. ‘The root cause of some of these results is still being debated. Intriguing research published in the “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care” in 2020 investigated the possibility that ingestion of artificial sweeteners results in the erroneous release of insulin from the pancreas (due to their sweet taste). This increases the levels of insulin in our blood, eventually leading to decreased receptor activity due to insulin resistance. ‘Alarming discoveries like these latest artificial sweetener findings emphasize why Britain’s 4.3 million diabetics need regular, accurate blood testing. While “old school” traditional fingerprick tests using meters and strips are worthwhile, the next-gen “HbA1c” fingerprick tests are so sensitive that they could replace diabetics’ annual visits to their surgery for a full HbA1c blood test. ‘London Medical Laboratory’s fingerprick HbA1c “Diabetes – Diagnosis and Monitoring” test is considered the gold standard in regular testing. It is used to measure the average level of blood glucose over the past two to three months and both accurately monitor and diagnose diabetes. It can be taken at home through the post, or at one of the many drop-in clinics that offer these tests across London and nationwide in over 95 selected pharmacies and health stores. London Medical Laboratory

Oct 14

15 Questions You Probably Have About Sinus Infections

Jeffrey Terrell, MD, specializes in treating sinus problems. Here, he offers expert advice on recognizing, treating, and avoiding sinus infections. Sinus infections, medically known as sinusitis, can be a common source of discomfort for many individuals. While most sinus infections are caused by viruses and tend to resolve on their own, understanding the condition is crucial. This comprehensive guide will delve into the various aspects of sinus infections, including their symptoms, causes, treatment options, and even the possibility of surgery. Anne Harding, an experienced health and science writer, provides valuable insights into this often misunderstood ailment. The Basics of Sinus Infections Sinus infections can sometimes be underestimated, but they have the potential to be dangerous when ignored. In rare cases, sinus infections can spread to surrounding tissues, affecting the eyes, or even leading to severe complications such as blindness, meningitis, or life-threatening consequences. Therefore, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect a sinus infection. Understanding Sinuses To comprehend sinus infections fully, it’s essential to have a basic knowledge of sinuses. These are four sets of air-filled cavities located within the bones of the head: frontal sinuses (above the eyes), maxillary sinuses (in the cheekbones), ethmoid sinuses (between the eyes), and sphenoid sinuses (behind the nasal cavity and eyes). These sinuses serve various functions, including warming and humidifying inhaled air. Interestingly, they might have evolutionary significance as they contribute to vocal resonance, which could have played a role in mate attraction in ancient times. However, from a survival perspective today, sinuses are not a necessity. What is Sinusitis? Sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of the sinus lining, which can obstruct the normal flow of mucus and air through the tiny holes connecting the sinuses to the nasal cavity. When the inflammatory process interferes with the function of tiny cilia that move mucus and debris out of the sinuses, mucus accumulates, creating an ideal environment for bacterial growth. Common symptoms of sinusitis include nasal obstruction, yellow-green nasal discharge, facial pain, cough, malaise, and mild headaches. Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Sinusitis Why do some individuals seem more prone to sinusitis than others? Several factors can increase the risk of sinus infection: 1. Allergies: Individuals with untreated allergies often experience inflammation of nasal tissue, potentially blocking sinus openings. 2. Frequent Colds: People who frequently catch colds, such as teachers or parents of young children, are at greater risk. 3. Asthma: Around 20% of individuals with severe asthma may develop nasal polyps, soft benign growths in the nasal cavity and sinuses, which can lead to recurrent sinusitis. 4. Genetic and Immune Factors: Rarely, underlying genetic or immune system conditions can increase vulnerability to sinus infections. Differentiating Sinusitis from Other Conditions Sinusitis symptoms can sometimes be confused with other conditions. For example: Treatment and Home Remedies for Sinusitis Effective treatment options for sinusitis depend on the severity and underlying causes of the condition. Common approaches include: 1. Painkillers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like Tylenol and Motrin can help alleviate sinus pain. 2. Decongestants: Some individuals may find relief from over-the-counter decongestants, although their effectiveness varies from person to person, and scientific evidence supporting their use is limited. 3. Saline Irrigation: Regular nasal and sinus irrigation with saline solutions can be beneficial for individuals with chronic sinusitis. Safety Concerns with Decongestant Nasal Sprays Prolonged use of decongestant nasal sprays can lead to a phenomenon called “rebound,” where congestion returns after a few days of use. To avoid this, it is advisable to use such products containing oxymetazoline for no more than three to five consecutive days. When to Seek Medical Attention If you experience nasal congestion with green or yellow discharge for five to seven days, accompanied by facial pressure and pain, contacting your primary care doctor is advisable. Your healthcare provider will evaluate your symptoms and decide whether antibiotics are necessary. Prescribing Antibiotics for Sinus Infections The decision to prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis is typically based on several factors, including the duration and severity of symptoms. Tenderness over the sinuses, nasal obstruction, and colored nasal discharge persisting for more than five to seven days may prompt your doctor to prescribe antibiotics. However, some physicians might opt to observe for a few days to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections. Consulting a Specialist Certain situations warrant consultation with a specialist: The Role of Sinus Surgery For patients unresponsive to medical treatment, sinus surgery may be considered. This surgical procedure aims to open and clear the sinuses. It is performed under general anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Surgeons utilize tiny instruments inserted through the nostrils to remove bone and tissue. Although complications are rare, they can include significant hemorrhage or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Patients might experience postoperative soreness for a few days, especially if nasal packing is involved. Determining Surgery Candidacy The decision to undergo sinus surgery is a complex one and should be made cautiously. It is essential for physicians to thoroughly evaluate patients, rule out alternative conditions, and consider the necessity of surgery. Patients should be well-informed about the procedure’s risks and benefits. Preventive Measures Against Sinusitis The best defense against sinusitis is prevention. Adopting these strategies can help reduce the risk of sinus infections: In conclusion, sinus infections, though often benign, can sometimes lead to complications if ignored. Timely medical attention and appropriate treatment are essential for a swift recovery. However, it is equally important to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. Consulting a specialist may be necessary for recurrent or chronic sinusitis cases. Moreover, sinus surgery is a viable option for patients who do not respond to conservative treatments, but it should be approached with caution and thorough evaluation. Finally, practicing preventive measures, such as hand hygiene and allergy management, can significantly reduce the risk of sinus infections.

Oct 14

What Is a Deviated Septum?

A deviated septum is a common nasal condition where the thin wall (septum) that divides the two nostrils becomes bent or crooked. In an ideal scenario, the septum is centrally positioned, allowing balanced airflow between both nasal passages. However, when the septum deviates, it leans to one side, obstructing airflow through one or both nostrils. Difficulty in breathing stands out as a hallmark symptom of a deviated septum, although some individuals may remain asymptomatic. Deviated septums are nearly ubiquitous, with nearly everyone possessing some degree of septal deviation. It can either be a congenital condition, present from birth, or develop later in life due to trauma or injury to the face, such as a broken nose. The severity of symptoms determines the course of treatment, ranging from conservative measures like saline sprays to surgical intervention aimed at straightening and repositioning the septum to enhance airflow. Symptoms of a Deviated Septum Symptoms of a deviated septum can vary widely from person to person. While some individuals with mild deviations may remain asymptomatic, others with more pronounced deviations may experience: 1. Difficulty Breathing: Impaired airflow through one or both nostrils is a common symptom. 2. Nasal Congestion: Chronic stuffiness or congestion in the nasal passages. 3. Nosebleeds: Frequent occurrences of nosebleeds. 4. Sinusitis: Recurrent sinus infections may develop due to impaired drainage. 5. Sleep-Related Symptoms: Loud breathing or snoring during sleep can be indicative of a deviated septum. Causes of a Deviated Septum A deviated septum can result from trauma or injury to the nose, which can bend or distort the septum. A broken nose, for instance, is a common cause of a deviated septum. However, some individuals may have a deviated septum without any history of facial trauma, suggesting a genetic predisposition similar to other facial features like eye shape and color. This means that the shape and position of the nasal septum can be determined by genetic inheritance. In some cases, a deviated septum may develop during fetal development or as a result of trauma during childbirth. Risk Factors Several factors can increase the risk of developing a deviated septum, including: 1. Contact Sports: Engaging in contact sports increases the risk of facial trauma, which can lead to a deviated septum. 2. Seatbelt Usage: Not wearing a seatbelt in a motor vehicle can result in facial injuries during accidents. 3. Family History: Having a family history of a deviated septum, particularly in the absence of trauma or facial injury, can elevate the risk. Diagnosis Healthcare providers, typically ear, nose, and throat specialists (otolaryngologists or ENTs), can usually diagnose a deviated septum through a thorough nasal examination using a bright light and nasal speculum. The nasal speculum helps in gently separating the nostrils to visually assess the nasal passageways for any visible deviation. In some instances, diagnostic procedures may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, including: 1. Nasal Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a light (endoscope) is inserted into the nostrils to provide a detailed view of the nasal passages, assessing the extent and location of deviation and its impact on airflow. 2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans offer detailed images of nasal structures, aiding in evaluating the severity of deviation and identifying other nasal or sinus issues like nasal polyps. Treatments for a Deviated Septum The treatment approach for a deviated septum aims to alleviate symptoms and enhance nasal airflow, making breathing easier. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Non-Surgical Treatments For individuals with mild septal deviations, initial treatment may focus on relieving nasal congestion. Non-surgical options include: 1. Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamine medications, like Zyrtec or Allegra, can be beneficial for those with allergies exacerbating nasal congestion. 2. Corticosteroid Nasal Spray: Prescription nasal sprays reduce inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages, providing temporary relief from congestion. 3. Nasal Saline Irrigation: Rinsing the nasal passages with a saltwater solution or using saline nasal sprays can clear mucus, reducing congestion. Surgery Septoplasty is the gold standard surgical procedure for moderate to severely deviated septums. During septoplasty, the cartilage and bone components of the septum may be reshaped or adjusted, and, if necessary, sections may be removed and repositioned to ensure the septum’s proper alignment and both nasal airways remain open. Septoplasty has proven highly effective, with up to 85% of patients experiencing symptom reduction post-surgery. Prevention Preventing a deviated septum may not always be possible, especially if it is congenital or due to accidental traumatic injuries. However, measures to reduce the risk of nasal trauma that can lead to a deviated septum include: 1. Protective Gear: When participating in contact sports, wearing protective gear such as helmets and face guards can reduce the risk of facial injuries. 2. Seatbelt Usage: Wearing seatbelts when traveling in a motor vehicle can prevent injuries to the face during accidents. 3. Avoid High-Risk Activities: Limiting participation in activities with a high risk of facial injury, such as wrestling or boxing. Complications While most individuals with a mild deviated septum do not require treatment and can manage symptoms with medications, severe deviations left untreated can lead to complications such as: 1. Chronic Sinusitis: Disruption of normal sinus drainage due to a deviated septum can result in recurrent or chronic inflammation and sinus infections. 2. Nasal Obstruction: Misalignment of the septum may lead to persistent nasal congestion and obstruction, making breathing through the nose difficult. 3. Sleep Apnea: A deviated septum can contribute to sleep apnea due to reduced airflow through nasal passages during sleep. 4. Headaches and Facial Pain: Chronic headaches or facial pain may arise from persistent nasal congestion and pressure caused by a deviated septum. Living with a Deviated Septum Symptoms of a mildly deviated septum can often be managed with conservative treatments like antihistamines or corticosteroid nasal sprays. If the air in your living space is dry, using air humidifiers can help moisturize the air, prevent nasal dryness, and alleviate stuffiness. Surgery, specifically septoplasty, can provide long-term relief for individuals experiencing symptoms that significantly impact their quality