Category: Depression

Jul 01

11 Signs of Borderline Personality Disorder

There are a total of 10 distinct personality disorders, including OCPD, paranoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Personality disorders are characterized by pervasive and destructive patterns of behavior throughout time.And among these, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often the most misunderstood. The term “borderline” suggests that Borderline Personality disease is not a serious issue, which only adds to the uncertainty around the disease. At first, specialists thought BPD was a spectrum condition that ranged from neurosis to psychosis. John Oldham, MD, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, noted that at the time it was not considered to be a separate condition. Until the publication of the DSM-III in 1980, borderline personality disorder (BPD) was not recognized as a distinct mental illness. However, the term “borderline” has remained. Since then, our knowledge and understanding of this complicated disease has expanded. Evidence suggests it may be “partly inherited genetically and partly a function of stressful experiences during growth and development that leads to some pretty significant interference in successful functioning,” as Dr. Oldham put it, but scientists aren’t certain of the root reason. Licensed clinical social worker and founding fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy Wendy Behary in New Jersey verified many of her patients with BPD had experienced loss, trauma, or abandonment in childhood. However, as Dr. Oldham pointed out, just because you come from a dysfunctional family or had a rough background doesn’t imply you’re doomed to BPD. Simply put, you have that potential danger in your life. Telltale Signs of Borderline Personality Disorder About 1.6% of American people suffer from BPD. Behary argued that, while the number may appear low, it does not adequately reflect the whole BPD population. Because many of the symptoms of BPD coincide with those of other mental diseases including depression, bipolar disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder, a correct diagnosis of BPD is not always easy to come by. And there is a spectrum along which the boundary occurs. “At one end there is a very low-functioning individual, who can barely manage day-to-day life, and at the other there is someone who is very high functioning,” Behary added. It’s possible for people to live their entire lives with the stigma associated with mental health issues and never seek help. If you or someone you know exhibits these symptoms, it’s time to consult the DSM-5-TR, the current diagnostic model for borderline personality disorder. 1. Self-Esteem Shifts Those who suffer from borderline personality disorder frequently struggle with crippling self-doubt, which manifests itself as an inability to trust one’s own judgment. Dr. Oldham explained that people like this have so low self-esteem that they need a lot of attention from others to feel like they belong. A feeling of inadequacy and incompleteness lies behind that, Dr. Oldham said. People with BPD may even mimic the activities of those around them since “their ability to be independent and autonomous is very impaired.” 2. Trouble Empathizing “There’s a real impairment in being able to see yourself from the outside and see others from the inside,” Dr. Oldham said of the effects of this on interpersonal skills. To rephrase, those with BPD struggle more with both self-awareness and empathy. Dr. Oldham elaborated, “There is a lack of understanding about how your own behavior impacts people, so when your emotions are out of control, it doesn’t register that this causes stress to others.” This blind spot is one reason why people with borderline have so many problems keeping relationships together. 3. Chaotic Relationships According to Behary, people with borderline personality disorder are disproportionately represented in abusive relationships. People with unmet needs from their upbringing typically remain in unhealthy relationships because they seek a partner who they believe can fulfill those needs. Dr. Oldham noted that those who suffer from BPD are more likely to be overly needy, passionate, and distrustful in romantic relationships. It’s a self-fulfilling prophesy when “you drive the other person away because of your heightened anxiety that you’ll lose the person who is close to you.” Conflict is not limited to romantic partnerships. Friends and family members of people with BPD may go from being extremely close to being extremely distant. People with BPD who are otherwise highly functioning typically become aware of their condition during interpersonal interactions. 4. Avoiding Thinking About the Future You don’t have to have every detail of your life planned out, but chances are good that you do have certain goals and objectives in mind. Individuals with BPD generally have no sense of personal motivation. Dr. Oldham observed that few people “have a clear idea of what they want from life or what they want to work toward.” 5. Overwhelming Anxiety The anxiety experienced by persons with BPD is unlike the occasional anxiousness or tension felt by the rest of us. Dr. Oldham said that a common trigger for these feelings is an overreaction to the conduct of others. Having borderline personality disorder is characterized by an incapacitating urge to always feel valued and accepted. People with borderline may have explosive, inappropriate outbursts of emotion as a result of their chronically elevated levels of anxiety. 6. Constant Fear of Abandonment BPD symptoms include an intense aversion to loneliness, rejection, and abandonment. According to David Mattila, a certified clinical social worker and cognitive and schema therapist in New York City, fears generate unreasonable emotions and jealous, paranoid behaviors, such as monitoring a partner’s email for signals they could bail. According to Mattila, “This insecurity can even lead to more extreme and manipulative behaviors,” such as telling a spouse, “If you don’t call me when you say you will, I’m going to kill myself.” Everything boils down for someone with borderline personality disorder to a single goal: never being abandoned. 7. Frequent Mood Swings Because mood swings are a common characteristic of BPD, the condition is sometimes misdiagnosed as bipolar. Dr. Oldham said that this is not the same “persistent mood state”

Jul 01

Depression Rates Are Higher Than Ever—Experts Say These 5 Things Need to Change

FAST FACTS According to the latest findings from Gallup, depression rates have reached an all-time high in the United States, revealing a concerning trend. The recent Gallup poll shows that 29% of Americans have received a depression diagnosis at least once in their lifetime. This represents a significant increase of almost 10 percentage points since 2015, making it the highest recorded rate in Gallup’s data history. Of particular concern is the impact of depression on specific demographic groups. The data suggests that younger individuals aged 18 to 29 (34.3%) and those between 30 to 44 (34.9%) experience higher depression rates than those older than 44. Additionally, women are disproportionately affected, with more than one-third (36.7%) reporting having experienced depression at some point in their lifetime. Experts believe that the rise in depression rates can be attributed, at least in part, to societal factors such as isolation and loneliness. Elisabeth Gulotta, a licensed mental health counselor and founder of NYC Therapeutic Wellness, highlights that modern society’s increasing isolation and disconnection play a significant role in contributing to these alarming statistics. She emphasizes that human connection and meaningful relationships are crucial for mental well-being, and the lack thereof may be exacerbating the problem. To address the growing mental health challenges, it is essential to promote a more connected and supportive society. This could involve encouraging meaningful social interactions, fostering a sense of community, and increasing awareness about mental health issues. By working together, we can create a healthier and more empathetic environment for everyone, which may ultimately help reduce depression rates and improve overall well-being. Why Are People More Depressed Now? While the pandemic undoubtedly contributed to the increase in depression rates, mental health experts have identified several other significant factors at play, including rising loneliness and the impact of social media. According to Mark Debus, a licensed clinical social worker and behavioral health clinical manager at Sedgwick, genetics, biochemistry, environmental stressors, and individual personality differences also play roles in the development of depression. Certain vocations can also be associated with higher depression rates. Professions that entail regular exposure to daily trauma or repetitive traumas, such as first responders, law enforcement, medical staff, teachers, and social workers, may experience more significant effects on their mental health. The early signs of depression often emerge in a person’s mid-twenties, as highlighted by Laura Erickson-Schroth, a psychiatrist and chief medical officer for The Jed Foundation. Unfortunately, mental health conditions frequently go undiagnosed for years due to stigma, lack of access to care, and other barriers. Dr. Erickson-Schroth also emphasized that attributing the higher depression rates solely to a growing openness to discuss mental health would be a mistake. There are other critical factors to consider, such as social isolation, unmet essential needs, and limited access to mental healthcare, which contribute significantly to people’s struggles. Elisabeth Gulotta, a mental health expert, described the current situation as “relational poverty.” The combination of the COVID pandemic and the influence of technology has eroded meaningful connections, leading to increased feelings of isolation and separation. Despite the apparent presence of technology and social media, society remains disconnected at a fundamental level, impacting overall mental health. Addressing the rising depression rates requires a comprehensive approach that considers various contributing factors. Improving access to mental healthcare, combating social isolation, and fostering meaningful connections are all essential steps toward creating a more mentally healthy and supportive society. By recognizing and addressing these complex issues, we can work together to improve mental well-being and build a more resilient community. Health Disparities and Depression Rates According to Ling Lam, a lecturer at Santa Clara University’s School of Education and Counseling Psychology, healthcare disparities and barriers to access can significantly increase the risk of depression. Consequently, these factors may also contribute to the current rise in depression rates. Dr. Erickson-Schroth emphasized that youth of color are facing particularly challenging times, with American Indian/Alaska Native youth having the highest rates of suicide among all racial or ethnic groups, and the suicide rate for Black youth having more than doubled over the past decade. To address these alarming trends, it is essential for the country to focus on systemic factors that influence these numbers. One crucial step is to work towards reducing racial discrimination and violence while simultaneously improving access to culturally competent mental healthcare. By creating a more inclusive and supportive environment, individuals from all backgrounds will feel safer and more comfortable reaching out for help when they need it. Addressing the root causes of healthcare disparities and working to provide equitable access to mental health services will be key to reducing the impact of depression on vulnerable populations. This requires a collaborative effort from policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to create positive change and promote mental well-being for all. How Can We Lower Depression Rates in the U.S.? Addressing the rising trend of depression requires collective efforts at the societal level. Experts emphasize the significance of enhancing social connections and ensuring access to essential needs as vital steps in this endeavor. According to Dr. Erickson-Schroth, improving people’s lives is the most crucial tool in reducing depression rates. This can be achieved by fostering a sense of community and promoting meaningful social connections. When individuals feel supported and connected, it can significantly mitigate feelings of isolation and loneliness, contributing to better mental well-being. Furthermore, ensuring access to essential needs, such as adequate healthcare, stable housing, nutritious food, and education, is critical in addressing the root causes of depression. When these fundamental needs are met, individuals are better equipped to cope with life stressors and are less vulnerable to mental health challenges. Another essential aspect is identifying and addressing sources of stress in society. By implementing measures to reduce stressors related to work, education, finances, and other aspects of life, we can create a more supportive environment that fosters mental resilience. Taking a closer look, experts suggest several strategies to reduce rising depression rates in the United States. Nurture Social Connection At the forefront of reducing the

Jul 01

What Doctors Want You to Know About Situational Depression

Depression is a prevalent mental health condition that can manifest in various forms, and among these is situational depression. Unlike general depression, situational depression is distinctly tied to specific circumstances or events in an individual’s life that trigger feelings of intense sadness and emotional turmoil. These events can include situations such as the loss of a job, the passing of a loved one, a severe illness diagnosis, or other major life upheavals. Understanding situational depression entails delving into its defining characteristics, its symptoms, therapeutic approaches for addressing it, and the typical duration of its effects. Situational depression is often described as a response to external stressors rather than being rooted in a person’s inherent mental state. It arises from the emotional strain caused by significant life events, disrupting an individual’s emotional equilibrium and causing a notable decline in their overall well-being. Unlike chronic or clinical depression, which may have genetic, biochemical, and psychological factors contributing to its development, situational depression can be more clearly linked to specific triggers. The symptoms of situational depression closely mirror those of general depression, although they are distinctly tied to the triggering event. People experiencing situational depression might feel overwhelming sadness, hopelessness, and a profound sense of loss. They may experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and energy levels. Moreover, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed are common indicators. Social withdrawal and isolation can also be observed as individuals struggle to cope with their emotions. Treatment for situational depression often involves a combination of therapeutic approaches, depending on the individual’s needs and the severity of their symptoms. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is a common intervention. CBT helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns, develop coping strategies, and gradually regain a sense of emotional stability. Support groups and counseling sessions can also provide a safe space for sharing experiences and learning from others facing similar challenges. The duration of situational depression varies depending on factors such as the nature of the triggering event, individual resilience, and the effectiveness of treatment. In many cases, situational depression tends to diminish as time passes and the individual adapts to their changed circumstances. However, if the symptoms persist or worsen over an extended period, it’s crucial to seek professional help to prevent the development of chronic depression. Overall, understanding situational depression involves recognizing its link to specific life events and acknowledging the profound impact it can have on an individual’s emotional well-being. Timely intervention through therapy, counseling, and support can help individuals navigate the challenging emotions associated with situational depression and facilitate their journey toward healing and recovery. What Is Situational Depression? Situational depression, although not formally recognized as an independent mental health diagnosis, falls under the category of adjustment disorders. Adjustment disorders encompass a range of emotional and psychological challenges that arise in response to a significant life event, such as trauma or a major life change. These disorders can hinder an individual’s ability to effectively adapt to their altered circumstances and can lead to various emotional disturbances. In the context of situational depression, this subtype of adjustment disorder occurs as a result of a specific triggering event that leaves an individual grappling with persistent feelings of distress, sorrow, or bereavement. Unlike other types of depression, situational depression tends to be more short-lived and closely linked to the event that precipitated it. However, its impact on an individual’s emotional well-being can still be profound, affecting their daily functioning and overall quality of life. Greg Simon, MD, MPH, a distinguished psychiatrist based in Washington and affiliated with Kaiser Permanente, notes that situational depression is closely associated with events that induce chronic stress, emotional turmoil, or grief. The uniqueness of this type of depression lies in its transient nature, often subsiding as the individual comes to terms with the event or finds ways to cope effectively. Unlike clinical depression, which may have a more complex interplay of genetic, biological, and environmental factors, situational depression is more directly linked to a triggering circumstance. Navigating situational depression often requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the emotional distress caused by the triggering event and the development of healthy coping mechanisms. Psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in helping individuals reframe negative thought patterns and develop adaptive strategies to manage their emotions. Additionally, support groups and counseling can provide valuable outlets for sharing experiences and finding solace among individuals who have faced similar challenges. The duration of situational depression can vary widely, influenced by factors such as the nature of the triggering event, the individual’s resilience, and the effectiveness of interventions. While some individuals may find relief relatively quickly as they process their emotions, others might require more extended periods to regain emotional equilibrium. It’s essential for individuals experiencing situational depression to recognize when their distress persists beyond what is typical for adjustment following the triggering event. Seeking professional help can aid in preventing the transition to chronic or more severe forms of depression. In summary, situational depression, categorized as an adjustment disorder, emerges in response to a specific event that generates emotional upheaval and distress. While it lacks the enduring nature of clinical depression, situational depression’s impact on an individual’s well-being is significant. Acknowledging the connection between the triggering event and the ensuing emotional distress is crucial for seeking appropriate therapeutic interventions and support. Common Causes Situational depression, as the term implies, stems directly from stressful or traumatic situations. Such situations can encompass a range of experiences, including: 1. Coping with the loss of a loved one 2. Facing job loss or unemployment 3. Navigating the challenges of divorce or the end of a romantic relationship 4. Receiving a significant medical diagnosis or undergoing surgery 5. Confronting other scenarios that induce intense stress It’s important to note that situational depression can also arise from any circumstance that triggers heightened levels of stress. While not everyone who undergoes a traumatic event will develop situational depression, individuals who are already predisposed to classic depression

Dec 14

Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)

Depression, a pervasive and debilitating mood disorder often referred to as major depressive disorder or clinical depression, is characterized by a persistent state of sadness and loss of interest that affects various aspects of an individual’s life. This condition can lead to a range of emotional and physical problems, disrupting daily activities and making life appear devoid of meaning. Despite its immense impact, it’s crucial to understand that depression is not a sign of weakness, and one cannot merely “snap out” of it. Effective treatment is available, offering hope to individuals struggling with depression. Symptoms of Depression Depression can manifest in various ways, and its symptoms can vary from person to person. These symptoms typically occur nearly every day for an extended period, and they may include: 1. Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness: A pervasive sense of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. 2. Irritability: Individuals with depression may experience angry outbursts, irritability, or frustration, even over minor issues. 3. Loss of Interest: A significant reduction in interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable, such as hobbies, sports, or even sexual activities. 4. Sleep Disturbances: Depression can lead to sleep problems, including insomnia (difficulty falling or staying asleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping). 5. Fatigue: Individuals with depression often feel excessively tired and lack energy, making even small tasks feel challenging. 6. Appetite Changes: Depression can lead to reduced appetite and weight loss, although some individuals experience increased food cravings and weight gain. 7. Anxiety and Restlessness: Feelings of anxiety, agitation, or restlessness may accompany depression. 8. Slowed Thinking and Movement: Cognitive functions, speech, and physical movements may slow down in individuals with depression. 9. Feelings of Worthlessness and Guilt: Sufferers may experience an overwhelming sense of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or blaming themselves for their condition. 10. Difficulty Thinking and Concentrating: Depression can impair concentration, decision-making, and memory. 11. Thoughts of Death and Suicide: Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, or suicidal tendencies are serious symptoms of depression. 12. Unexplained Physical Symptoms: Individuals with depression may experience physical problems like back pain or headaches, even if there’s no clear medical explanation. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s ability to function in various areas of life, including work, school, social interactions, and relationships. It’s important to recognize that children, teenagers, and older adults may display different or more subtle signs of depression, requiring a nuanced understanding to identify and address the condition. Causes of Depression The exact causes of depression are not fully understood, and it is believed to be a complex interplay of various factors. Some contributing factors may include: 1. Biological Differences: People with depression may have identifiable changes in their brain structure or function, although the significance of these changes is still a subject of ongoing research. 2. Brain Chemistry: Depression is associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters, which are natural brain chemicals that play a role in mood regulation. Altered neurotransmitter function may be a key factor in depression. 3. Hormonal Changes: Disruptions in hormone balance, as seen in conditions such as postpartum depression, menopause, or thyroid disorders, may contribute to the onset of depression. 4. Inherited Traits: A family history of depression increases the risk of developing the condition. Researchers are working to identify specific genes that may be involved in depression. 5. Stressful Life Events: Traumatic or stressful life events, such as physical or sexual abuse, loss of a loved one, difficult relationships, or financial problems, can trigger depression. 6. Personality Traits: Certain personality traits, including low self-esteem, self-criticism, and pessimism, can predispose individuals to depression. 7. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Discrimination and unsupportive environments may lead to depression in individuals who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or face gender identity challenges. 8. Other Mental Health Disorders: Conditions like anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder can be interconnected with depression. 9. Substance Abuse: The misuse of alcohol or recreational drugs can contribute to or worsen depression. 10. Serious or Chronic Illness: Medical conditions such as cancer, stroke, chronic pain, or heart disease can increase the risk of developing depression. 11. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as certain high blood pressure drugs and sleeping pills, may affect mood. It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional before discontinuing any medication. Risk Factors for Depression Depression can affect individuals at any age, but it often emerges during the teens, 20s, or 30s. It is more prevalent in women, but this may be due to the fact that women are more likely to seek treatment. Various risk factors for depression include: Complications of Depression Untreated depression can lead to a range of severe complications, including: 1. Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior: The risk of suicide is higher among individuals with depression, especially if left untreated. 2. Self-Harm: Some people with depression may engage in self-harming behaviors as a way to cope with emotional pain. 3. Substance Abuse: Depression often co-occurs with substance abuse, making recovery from either condition more challenging. 4. Relationship Problems: Depression can strain relationships, leading to marital or familial conflicts. 5. Work or School Issues: Absenteeism, decreased productivity, and difficulties concentrating are common at work or school for individuals with depression. 6. Physical Health Problems: Depression can lead to or exacerbate physical health conditions, including chronic pain, heart disease, and diabetes. 7. Economic Hardship: Due to work-related problems, medical bills, or other factors, depression can lead to financial difficulties. 8. Social Isolation: People with depression may withdraw from social activities and isolate themselves. 9. Impaired Quality of Life: Overall, depression significantly reduces an individual’s quality of life. Treatment for Depression The good news is that depression is treatable. Several effective treatments are available, including: 1. Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy): Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy, can help individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to their depression. It provides valuable coping strategies and emotional support. 2. Medications: Antidepressant medications can help balance neurotransmitter levels in the brain. There are several classes

Aug 28

Why People Die by Suicide and How To Prevent It From Happening?

Suicide stands among the top 10 leading causes of mortality in the United States, a sobering statistic that translates to one life lost every 11 minutes. Yet, the realm of suicidal ideation, encompassing the haunting presence of thoughts and impulses driving one towards self-destruction, extends even further. While annual suicides tally in the tens of thousands, it’s essential to recognize that millions more grapple with the darkness of suicidal contemplation, planning, or survival after an attempt. Delving into the intricate web of motivations underlying suicide and suicidal ideation is a multifaceted endeavor. While understanding the “why” behind these tragic experiences represents just one facet of a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention, it serves as a critical cornerstone. By comprehending these underlying factors, we can foster a more compassionate response to those enduring suicidal thoughts, extend solace to those bereaved by suicide, and gain a deeper empathy for the anguish woven into the fabric of suicidality itself. Why We Don’t Say ‘Commit’ Suicide Our choice of language when discussing suicide carries profound implications. An illustrative instance lies in the transition away from using the term “committed suicide,” which, although previously common, now faces criticism from experts. Instead, they advocate for more neutral expressions like “died by suicide” or “took their own life.” This shift recognizes that employing “committed” in this context can perpetuate stigma, unjustly attaching a criminal connotation to the act of dying by suicide. Likewise, it’s imperative to abandon phrasings like “successful” or “unsuccessful” when referring to suicide attempts. Surviving a suicide attempt isn’t a measure of failure, just as dying by suicide isn’t an accomplishment. Using straightforward terms, such as stating whether the individual died or survived following an attempt, reframes the conversation with accuracy and sensitivity. When addressing a person’s suicide, another crucial guideline involves refraining from divulging specifics regarding the method employed, such as the exact manner of death. Sharing these details has been linked to the concerning phenomenon of suicide contagion, wherein one suicide can trigger a chain reaction of further suicides. Recognizing the potential implications, it is advisable to exercise caution and mindfulness when discussing the circumstances surrounding suicide. Being At Risk for Suicide The intricate nature of suicide lies in its multi-faceted composition, where no single determinant can reliably predict who will ultimately succumb to it. Nonetheless, discerning potential indicators of suicidal ideation and implementing screenings can illuminate the risk landscape with more clarity. It’s vital to debunk the misconception that suicide stems from weakness, a character flaw, or selfishness. Such stigmatized attributions only perpetuate misunderstanding and may deter individuals grappling with suicidal thoughts from seeking help. Instead, the intricate tapestry leading to suicide typically weaves biological, environmental, and social threads, rendering the affected individual more susceptible to thoughts of self-harm. Among the factors at play, some are noteworthy, including the experience of a family member’s suicide, ready access to means capable of causing harm, and the societal stigma encircling mental health struggles that may hinder seeking assistance. The exploration of suicide and its prevention remains an evolving journey, necessitating ongoing research to unearth its intricacies and potential strategies for averting its devastating outcomes. As our understanding deepens, additional factors may come to light, further enriching our grasp of this complex issue. Reasons People Choose This Unraveling the precise motives behind a suicide death is often an intricate endeavor. However, by listening to the narratives of individuals who have battled suicidal ideation or made suicide attempts, we gain a glimpse into the complex web of factors that contributed to their distress. Here are the insights we’ve gleaned: Mental Illness The interplay between mental illness and suicide risk is a nuanced landscape, defying easy categorization. This intricate dynamic becomes clearer when we examine how mental illness intersects with an individual’s overall quality of life. Within this context, several pathways through which mental illness can contribute to suicidal tendencies emerge: 1. Disparities in Access to Mental Health Care: Unequal availability of mental health care and treatment can exacerbate the risk of suicide for those struggling with mental illness. Limited access can hinder timely intervention and support. 2. Social Isolation and Lack of Support: Feeling socially disconnected or devoid of a reliable support network can magnify vulnerability to suicidal thoughts. A sense of isolation can amplify distress, creating a fertile ground for despair. 3. Isolation and Loneliness: The emotional burden of isolation, loneliness, or being misunderstood can culminate in a heightened risk of suicide. The absence of meaningful connections may intensify the struggle. 4. Struggles in Maintaining Relationships: Challenges in sustaining relationships due to mental health issues can contribute to the perception of isolation and fuel suicidal tendencies. 5. Impacted Quality of Life: Diminished quality of life resulting from amplified stressors, such as the inability to maintain employment due to mental health challenges, can further exacerbate vulnerability to suicide. 6. Impulsivity and Borderline Personality Disorder: Some mental health conditions, like borderline personality disorder, may be characterized by heightened impulsivity, amplifying the risk of impulsive actions, including self-harm. 7. Varied Mental Health Conditions: While conditions like depression and substance use disorder are often linked to suicide risk, other mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and personality disorders can also elevate the likelihood of suicidal tendencies. In essence, the relationship between mental illness and suicide is intricate, often influenced by a cascade of interconnected factors that shape an individual’s emotional landscape and overall well-being. Recognizing this complexity underscores the significance of comprehensive mental health support, destigmatizing conversations, and fostering a society where those struggling receive the care and understanding they deserve. History of Trauma The impact of trauma can reverberate significantly regardless of one’s age, but childhood trauma emerges as a particularly potent long-term precursor to suicide risk.4 Childhood trauma encompasses a range of distressing experiences, such as emotional neglect, physical abuse, parental loss, sexual assault, and bullying. Disturbingly, these risk factors accumulate, magnifying the likelihood of suicide attempts with each traumatic life event endured. The repercussions of trauma aren’t confined to their initial

Aug 28

How To Know if You’re Depressed

Experts explain how to know when feeling blue has crossed over into full-blown depression. Experiencing occasional moments of feeling down is a normal part of life. However, when a persistent and overwhelming sense of sadness or hopelessness disrupts your daily activities, it could be a sign of clinical depression. Based on data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in 2020, 8.4% of adults aged 18 and older in the U.S. experienced a major depressive episode. Identifying depression can be challenging as many of its symptoms are commonly experienced by people at various times. Dr. Jennifer Payne, the director of the Women’s Mood Disorders Center at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, explains that most of the symptoms of depression must be consistently present every day, almost all day, for at least two weeks, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). One of the key symptoms that must be present is a persistent depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. If you suspect that you may be dealing with depression, it is important to seek help and talk to your healthcare provider for a proper evaluation and support. You’re Eating More (or Less) Than Usual Depression often leads to feelings of withdrawal and disconnection, which can have varying effects on appetite. According to Dr. Yvonne Thomas, a Los Angeles-based psychologist specializing in depression and self-esteem, being preoccupied with negative thoughts can cause a loss of interest in eating or preparing meals. This withdrawal may result in forgetting to eat or experiencing a reduced appetite. On the other hand, depression can sometimes lead to overeating as a coping mechanism. The mix of emotions that typically accompany depression, such as sadness, pessimism, and low self-esteem, may drive individuals to seek comfort or relief through food binges. In both cases, the relationship between depression and appetite can be complex and individualized. Seeking professional help and support is essential for addressing the underlying issues and finding healthier coping strategies to manage the impact of depression on eating behaviors. You’re Sleeping Too Much or Too Little Depression can affect sleep patterns in different ways, leading to either increased or decreased sleep. Some individuals with depression may find themselves sleeping more as a way to escape from their sadness and feelings of disengagement. The lack of energy that accompanies depression can make them feel tired all the time, and sleeping becomes a refuge from their emotional struggles. On the other hand, some people with depression experience restless or interrupted sleep, or even insomnia. The constant presence of obsessive thoughts or ruminations can prevent them from winding down and getting the recommended seven to eight hours of sleep that most adults need. Changes in sleep patterns can serve as a potential indicator of depression, but they can also exacerbate the condition. When sleep is disrupted or inadequate, it can throw off the body’s internal clock, leading to increased tiredness, lack of focus, and diminished coping abilities, further worsening the effects of depression. Recognizing the relationship between depression and sleep is crucial, as addressing sleep disturbances can be an important aspect of managing depression effectively. Seeking professional help and support can provide guidance in developing healthy sleep habits and implementing strategies to improve both sleep quality and overall mental well-being. Small Things Agitate You Depression can manifest in subtle ways, and one often overlooked sign is heightened irritability, as noted by Dr. Jennifer Wolkin, a health psychologist based in New York. If you are experiencing depression, you might find yourself feeling grumpy or easily annoyed by things that wouldn’t normally bother you. You might catch yourself snapping at friends and coworkers over minor issues. This increased irritability can be triggered by the weight of numerous heavy emotions that come with depression. Dr. Yvonne Thomas, a psychologist, compares the psychological pain of depression to physical pain, explaining that both can lead to increased anger and irritability. When you don’t feel like your usual self and are burdened by emotional distress, it can diminish your patience and put you on edge, making you more susceptible to irritability. Recognizing irritability as a potential sign of depression is essential, as addressing the underlying emotional struggles can help improve mood and overall well-being. Seeking professional support and therapy can be beneficial in managing and coping with depression and its various manifestations. You Can’t Concentrate or Focus Experiencing forgetfulness about work deadlines or important commitments, such as picking up your kids from a playdate, and feeling as if your mind is in a constant state of haziness or out-of-focus can be indicative of depression. Dr. Jennifer Wolkin, a health psychologist, explains that being consumed by thoughts of sadness and emptiness can lead to a cognitive fog that significantly impacts your job performance, memory, and ability to make sound decisions. This mental fog can cause you to make poor choices or engage in unhealthy and risky behaviors. It’s crucial to recognize these cognitive effects of depression and seek professional help and support to address the underlying emotional struggles. By addressing depression, you may find that your mental clarity and decision-making abilities improve, allowing you to lead a healthier and more fulfilling life. You Don’t Enjoy the Things That Once Made You Happy Experiencing a loss of interest in activities and hobbies that once brought joy and fulfillment is a common indicator of depression. Dr. Jennifer Wolkin explains that feeling down or sad might cause someone to skip a few outings, but with depression, you become apathetic about the activities and pastimes that previously gave you pleasure. This loss of interest can lead to isolating yourself from social engagements and hobbies. Depression sets up a vicious cycle where it diminishes your ability to derive happiness from experiences, causing you to withdraw from the very activities that could potentially brighten your mood. This cycle of disinterest and isolation further exacerbates the impact of depression on your overall well-being. Recognizing the loss of enjoyment in once-enjoyed activities