Category: COVID-19

Jul 05

What Is COVID-19 Anxiety?

What Is COVID-19 Anxiety? Experiencing anxiety related to COVID-19 is a normal response to the various challenges and uncertainties brought about by the pandemic. The disruptions in daily life, social isolation, and concerns about the health and well-being of oneself and loved ones can trigger feelings of anxiety and stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society since its onset in March 2020. The highly contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has necessitated significant changes in how people interact, work, and travel. The widespread transmission of the virus has placed a strain on healthcare systems, leading to overwhelmed hospitals and increased anxiety in the population.1 The mental health implications of the pandemic are substantial. From March 2020 to January 2021, an estimated 76 million people were diagnosed with anxiety, representing a 25% increase compared to the period from 2010 to 2019 when 30 million people were diagnosed. These statistics highlight the significant impact of the pandemic on mental well-being and the prevalence of anxiety-related concerns. COVID-19 Anxiety Symptoms Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by intense feelings of fear and apprehension in response to perceived threats. There are various types of anxiety disorders, including phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Despite their distinct features, these disorders often share common symptoms and manifestations.3 Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly experience symptoms such as: uncontrollable anxious thoughts that progressively worsen a rapid heartbeat muscle tension and aches Dizziness difficulty breathing Additionally, anxiety can lead to the avoidance of situations or activities that were once enjoyable or deemed as safe. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and overall quality of life.3 What Causes COVID-19 Anxiety? The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, leading to the development or exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in many individuals. Various factors related to the pandemic have contributed to heightened anxiety levels among the population. One prominent factor is the pervasive uncertainty surrounding the virus itself. During the early stages of the pandemic, there was limited knowledge about the novel coronavirus, including its transmission, treatment, and long-term effects. The uncertainty surrounding these aspects created a sense of fear and concern among individuals, leading to increased anxiety. Social isolation and disrupted daily routines have also played a significant role in anxiety development. The necessary measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns and physical distancing, resulted in limited social interactions and disrupted regular activities. The prolonged periods of isolation and the loss of familiar routines have contributed to feelings of loneliness, distress, and heightened anxiety. Financial worries have been another significant stressor for many individuals during the pandemic. The economic impact of the crisis, including job losses, reduced income, and financial instability, has caused significant distress and anxiety for individuals and families. The uncertainty surrounding employment and financial security has added an additional layer of anxiety to the already challenging circumstances. Healthcare providers and frontline workers have faced immense stress and anxiety throughout the pandemic. Overwhelmed healthcare systems, increased workload, and the risk of exposure to the virus have taken a toll on the mental health of these individuals. The constant pressure and demands placed on healthcare professionals have contributed to heightened anxiety levels. While the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and improved treatment options may have alleviated some of the initial uncertainties and stress, new variants such as Delta and Omicron have introduced new concerns and anxieties. The ever-evolving nature of the virus and its potential impact on public health can contribute to ongoing anxiety among individuals. Risk Factors Certain factors can increase an individual’s vulnerability to developing anxiety in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these risk factors can help identify individuals who may require additional support and intervention. Some key risk factors include: Gender: Research has shown that women are more likely to develop anxiety compared to men. Hormonal and sociocultural factors may contribute to this gender difference. Health conditions: Individuals with pre-existing health conditions such as asthma, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or other illnesses that may increase the risk of complications from COVID-19 may experience heightened anxiety. The fear of contracting the virus and the potential impact on their health can contribute to increased anxiety levels. Pre-existing mental health condition: Individuals who had pre-existing anxiety before the pandemic are at a higher risk of experiencing worsened symptoms. People with severe mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, may also be more vulnerable to heightened anxiety due to the pandemic’s impact on their routine and access to support services. Career: Healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and other frontline workers, are at an increased risk of developing anxiety. The demands of their work, exposure to high levels of stress, and the potential risk of contracting the virus can contribute to heightened anxiety levels among healthcare professionals. Low socioeconomic status: Financial stressors associated with low socioeconomic status can contribute to the development or exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. Economic uncertainties, job loss, and financial instability can significantly impact mental health and increase anxiety levels. How Is COVID-19 Anxiety Diagnosed? Healthcare providers play a crucial role in identifying and assessing anxiety disorders. During a screening or evaluation, they may employ various methods to gather information and determine the presence of anxiety. Here is a general outline of the process: Questionnaires and Interviews: Healthcare providers may administer standardized questionnaires or conduct interviews to assess your symptoms and their impact on your daily life. These may include questions about your mood, sleep patterns, appetite, concentration, and overall well-being. Symptom Assessment: Based on your responses, the healthcare provider will evaluate the nature, duration, and severity of your symptoms. They may ask about the specific triggers or situations that elicit anxiety and how it affects your ability to function in different areas of life. Physical Examination and Lab Tests: To rule out any underlying medical conditions that could contribute to anxiety symptoms, a physical examination may be conducted. Additionally, lab tests, such as blood tests, might

Jul 05

What Is Trypanophobia? How to Cope With a Fear of Needles So You Can Get the COVID-19 Vaccine

What Is Trypanophobia? How to Cope With a Fear of Needles So You Can Get the COVID-19 Vaccine Overcoming the fear of needles, or trypanophobia, is crucial in order to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and contribute to ending the pandemic. Although it is estimated that around 25% of adults experience this fear, approximately 7% of adults actually avoid getting vaccinated because of it, according to data from the CDC. The significance of widespread vaccination cannot be overstated. With hundreds of thousands of new COVID-19 cases reported daily and a significant number of deaths, it is essential to increase vaccination rates to achieve herd immunity. Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, which helps protect those who are more vulnerable. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that a substantial portion of the population needs to be vaccinated to safely achieve herd immunity against COVID-19. In addition to the broader impact on public health, it is crucial to consider your personal risk. Contracting COVID-19 can lead to severe illness and even death. Dr. Richard Watkins, an infectious disease physician and professor, highlights the seriousness and potential fatality of the disease. While you may already be aware of the importance of vaccination, what you need is guidance and support to overcome your fear. Here is some information to help you navigate and address your concerns, ensuring the protection of yourself, your loved ones, and the general population. What is trypanophobia, exactly? Trypanophobia, or the fear of needles as they relate to medical procedures, is a specific phobia and a type of anxiety disorder. According to the DSM-5, it is characterized as an intense and irrational fear of needles or injections. Initially, this fear serves as a normal defense mechanism to protect oneself from potential harm. However, in the case of trypanophobia, this fear intensifies and becomes debilitating. The fear of needles can manifest in various medical situations, including vaccinations, blood draws, IV fluids, and anesthesia. The exact causes of trypanophobia are not well understood, but there are theories suggesting that it may be related to a survival instinct that discourages puncturing the body. Fear of pain and the unknown can also contribute to this phobia. The idea of something unfamiliar being introduced into the body can be particularly frightening as it involves a loss of control. Trypanophobia tends to be more common in children, and many individuals outgrow the fear as they grow older. However, for some individuals, the fear persists into adulthood. It is important to acknowledge and address this fear to ensure that individuals can receive necessary medical procedures without undue distress. How can you know if you have trypanophobia? Symptoms of trypanophobia, as identified in a meta-analysis published in SAGE Open Nursing, can vary among individuals. Some common signs of trypanophobia may include: Sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure: The sight of a needle can trigger a physiological response, causing a rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This response is part of the body’s natural fight-or-flight reaction to perceived danger. Immediate slowing of the heart and decrease in blood pressure: In some cases, the fear and anxiety associated with needles can lead to a paradoxical response, resulting in a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure. This can cause lightheadedness or even fainting. Fainting (vasovagal response): Fainting, also known as a vasovagal response, is a common reaction to the fear of needles. It occurs when there is a sudden drop in blood pressure, resulting in decreased blood flow to the brain. Extreme unexplained anxiety: Individuals with trypanophobia may experience intense and unexplained anxiety when faced with needles or medical procedures involving needles. This anxiety can be disproportionate to the actual threat posed by the needle. Preoccupation with needle-related procedures: People with trypanophobia may have persistent thoughts and worries about needle-related procedures, even when they are not imminent. This preoccupation can lead to avoidance behaviors and significant distress. Panic attacks: Some individuals with trypanophobia may experience panic attacks in response to the fear of needles. Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense episodes of fear or discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and chest pain. So what can you do if you have trypanophobia and want to get vaccinated? Overcoming a fear of needles, such as trypanophobia, can be challenging, but it is possible with the right strategies and support. Here are some steps you can take to help you navigate the process of getting vaccinated: Before you get vaccinated Once you have booked your appointment, try to shift your focus away from the anticipation of the shot. Instead, engage in activities or hobbies that distract your mind and keep you occupied. Remember that you have likely experienced injections before and have come through them unharmed. It can be helpful to keep reminding yourself of the significant benefits of getting vaccinated. Stay focused on the purpose behind your decision—to protect your health, save lives, and restore a sense of normalcy to your life. If you have concerns about fainting, you can try applying the "applied tension" therapy technique. Tense the muscles in your arms, torso, and legs, and hold the tension until you feel warmth. Then, release the tension and wait for your body to return to normal. This technique may help prevent fainting during the vaccination process. Lastly, remember that the actual moment of receiving the vaccine is a brief and quick process that only takes a second. Keeping this perspective can help alleviate some of the anxiety associated with the needle itself. Overall, be patient and gentle with yourself throughout this process. Take it one step at a time and trust that you have the strength and resilience to face your fear of needles and receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While you’re at the vaccination site While waiting for your vaccination appointment, it’s important to find ways to distract yourself. Distraction can be

Jul 05

I Finally Had My Trichotillomania Under Control Before the Pandemic—But Now I’m Struggling in Quarantine

I Finally Had My Trichotillomania Under Control Before the Pandemic—But Now I’m Struggling in Quarantine Recently, while working from home, I unexpectedly recalled a Zoom meeting. A wig, the first one I could reach from my bed, seemed the most natural, so I put it on before turning on my camera. It was short and dark brown. I sloppily threw on a stocking hat and combed my hair into place, figuring no one would notice anyhow. One of my employees asked me, "Kimi, did you cut your hair?" shortly after the call started. Shit. My typical workplace wig was a different color than I remembered and reached just halfway down my waist. "Uh, I actually got it cut a few weeks ago," I explained. "Fair enough; I haven’t seen you in person for an entire month, after all," the coworker said. I hadn’t yet worked up the nerve to inform my coworkers that I suffer from trichotillomania, a disorder that causes me to pull out my hair excessively and is conceptually similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) defines trichotillomania, also known as ‘trich’ by those who suffer from it, as an impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive, repetitive hair-pulling despite conscious efforts to stop, resulting in both objectively noticeable hair loss and perceived distress or impairment in daily functioning. Since I was a young adolescent, trich has been a part of my life. I have attempted counseling and medicine to treat it, but ultimately have learned to embrace it as part of who I am. But wow, this confinement is making me crazy. Before the pandemic—and after fourteen years of pulling my hair—I had finally come up with a game plan to get my trichotillomania under control, and it was working. I decided at the beginning of the year to make a concerted effort to lengthen my hair. My hair was at its shortest then, but I was able to use creative styling to cover most of my thinning areas. Eventually, I was able to reduce my hair-pulling practically to nil by covering my hair with a wig whenever I left the house (for work or otherwise). I had made excellent progress, but staying put brought up a totally different set of conditions than I had anticipated. No longer was I required to wear wigs for work, so I stopped using them to avoid damaging my hair. Three months of development were undone in a matter of days due to the stress of working from home and worried about my family’s safety or my friends’ who had lost their employment. You have to understand that trich causes hair-pulling to become an automatic habit. I used to spend hours on daily conference calls while socially isolating and working from home, aimlessly trying to shave off split ends and other "off" patches of hair (such as those that are thicker or coarser than the rest) with my fingers. After a long day, my hair would accumulate on the floor of my bedroom like tumbleweeds, and I’d have to sweep it up. I never went more than fifteen minutes without yanking. A few days into my confinement, I looked in the mirror and saw that one of the bald patches I’ve had for years had spread across my entire scalp. I felt like a failure and was devastated by my own failure. I’m not alone right now—the pandemic may be worsening hair-pulling and skin-picking disorders for many others. An increase in hair-pulling and skin-picking during the pandemic was primarily attributed to extreme fluctuations in sensory or emotional stimulation, according to Fred Penzel, PhD, a psychologist who serves on the scientific advisory board for the International OCD Foundation and the TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. "I’ve always believed that this is a form of self-regulation; it’s a way of dealing with being overstimulated or under-stimulated," Penzel said. Although it is too soon to say with data that body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are on the rise primarily due to self-isolating, the TLC Foundation recognized an early need for services and quickly rolled out additional programming for support groups and webinars featuring several experts in BFRB research to address the growing number of people affected by this condition. Two of my friends, Rebecca and Jude (who asked that their last names not be used for privacy reasons), also suffer from trich, and they told me that they had an especially hard time avoiding hair-pulling when they were socially isolated. For Rebecca, "the pulling" became increasingly stressful. And Jude could relate: "At the beginning of lockdown, my scalp-pulling was off the charts." During their time in quarantine, Rebecca and Jude shaved their heads in an extreme measure to combat their impulse to tear out their hair. "Even though I had done it before, the decision to shave my head was very difficult," recalls Rebecca, who was unable to receive her usual shorter haircut since barber shops were closed. I wasn’t thrilled with it at first, but I’m beginning to like it again. It’s tough to live at a time with so many unknowns, so be kind to yourself, and do what you can to take charge of the things you can. While Rebecca has gone for a complete shave, Jude has opted for something closer to an undercut: "I made the decision to claim my hair," she explains. "As soon as I did it, I felt completely at peace and wondered why I had waited so long." Since my previous strategy to reduce hair-pulling wasn’t working in quarantine, I knew I had to come up with a new plan. It’s crucial to remember that there are various causes of hair pulling and that no two people will respond to the same treatments in the same way; therefore, while I knew that shaving my head would help me, I also knew that it would help Rebecca and Jude as well. Psychologist at MGH and TLC Foundation

Jul 05

Post-Pandemic Anxiety Is a Real Issue—Here’s How to Get More Comfortable During Re-Openings

During the course of the pandemic, the majority of us wanted nothing more than for our regular routines to be reinstated: to be able to attend our favorite yoga class in person, to meet up with a friend at a restaurant for dinner, or to go into the office and chat with coworkers next to the coffee maker (okay, maybe not so much for the last one). Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that a good number of us have yearned for increased interaction with other people throughout the course of the last year. Many individuals are excited about the prospect of going back to the get-togethers they used to attend before COVID was implemented since it is now possible, or at the very least is getting more likely on a daily basis. And despite the thrill that comes along with it, there is also a strong likelihood that you will be a little spooked out by all of that more exposure. The reality is that these emotions are very natural, and you should be prepared for the fact that it may take some time to readjust to your new circumstances. “I’m calling it the stranger-danger redux,” Cynthia Ackrill, MD, a stress specialist and editor of the American Institute of Stress’s Contentment Magazine, told Health. She compares the anxiety of interacting face-to-face with another person after COVID treatment to the anxiety she felt as a young child traversing public spaces. Dr. Ackrill adds that when you were a toddler and you’d rush up to a stranger at the mall, your parents would exclaim, “Woah, that’s a stranger.” Now, people are more likely to say things along the lines of, “Woah, that’s another person—without a mask on.” We have been instructed throughout the course of the past year that everyone who is not a part of our bubble, whether they are a stranger or not, poses a threat to us. Even the ones we care about the most may hurt us. According to Dr. Ackrill, “We’ve gone back to this ‘Whom are we supposed to trust?’ [game], and our brain has been doing this for over a year.” It may seem counterintuitive to the entire “getting back to the normal thing,” but there is a reason, or several reasons, why so many people are feeling a little of hesitancy about doing something. What you need to know about any post-pandemic anxiety you might be feeling, as well as how you might deal with it, is outlined in this article. It Took Your Brain a While to Process Wearing a Mask—and It’ll Take It a While to Process Not Wearing One You will likely find yourself in close proximity to individuals outside of your pod as limitations continue to be relaxed as a result of the usage of vaccinations that are safe and effective against COVID-19. This may be out of need (if your company mandates it), or it may be out of choice (if you choose to attend a friend’s birthday event). According to Chivonna Childs, Ph.D., a clinical psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Adult Behavioral Health, who spoke with Health about this topic, it may take some time to retrain your brain not to worry about associating with other unmasked folks when faced with scenarios like these. “We’ve become hyperaware of the people around us,” says Childs. “We feel as if we’ve turned into the mask police: we don’t know their health, and we don’t know if they are carriers. We’ve become used to that by this point.” Dr. Ackrill notes that it took a lot of work for your brain to adjust to the reality of the coronavirus pandemic. He points out that you taught yourself to monitor people around you, and that you are now attempting to convince your body that it doesn’t need to worry about that anymore. This adjustment required a lot of effort. “That’s a lot of training for the brain—we’ve really made it a habit of considering other human beings a danger,” adds Dr. Ackrill. We Still Don’t Know What’s Considered “Safe” in the Post-covid World Yet Even though the United States is still in the process of closing its borders, it may appear as though we have been dealing with COVID-19 for an eternity. However, the virus is still relatively young; it has been around for less than two years. Health professionals are still attempting to completely understand the virus, even while the US continues the reopening process. Even though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that people who have been fully immunized do not need to wear masks when going outside or inside, there are still a lot of unanswered questions regarding how or if unvaccinated people will be differentiated, as well as how risky it is to simply take people at their word when they say they’ve been immunized. While professionals are doing all in their power to figure out how we can go forward in a secure manner, the unpredictability of the current situation may be contributing to your concern about rejoining society. According to Dr. Ackrill, “it’s not even black-and-white yet what’s safe—there’s a lot of confusion,” According to Shannon O’Neill, PsyD, an assistant professor of psychiatry, who was interviewed for this article by Health, this can have a significant influence on your mental health: “Anticipatory anxiety can be fueled by elements of uncertainty, such as not knowing what to expect.” You May Want To Dismiss the Trauma and Grief You’ve Experienced Over the Last Year—Don’t Do That Think back to where we were at this time a year ago: there were no vaccinations that had been licensed, and the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in the United States was growing at an alarming rate. It was exceedingly dangerous to go into public places where masks were not required, and professionals in the field of medicine advised everyone to avoid having any kind of interaction with anyone who did not live

Jul 03

What You Need to Know About Asthma and COVID-19, According to Experts

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns arose regarding the potential impact of the virus on individuals with asthma. Given that asthma is a respiratory condition that can cause breathing difficulties, it was reasonable to assume that asthma patients might be at a higher risk of severe illness if infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus can lead to respiratory complications, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can be more severe in individuals with underlying respiratory conditions like asthma. However, as more research has been conducted and data has emerged, it is now believed that having asthma does not necessarily increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. People with asthma are not more likely to be infected with the virus compared to the general population. Nevertheless, it is important for individuals with asthma to remain vigilant in taking preventive measures to avoid COVID-19 transmission, as the long-term effects of COVID-19 on asthma patients are not yet fully understood. While the risk of acquiring the virus may not be higher for asthma patients, the potential impact of COVID-19 on the long-term health of individuals with asthma is still being investigated. It is crucial for individuals with asthma to continue following public health guidelines, such as practicing good hand hygiene, wearing masks, maintaining physical distancing, and getting vaccinated, to reduce the risk of infection and potential complications. As more research and data become available, healthcare professionals and experts will gain a better understanding of the specific effects of COVID-19 on individuals with asthma. In the meantime, it is important for individuals with asthma to stay informed, maintain open communication with their healthcare providers, and adhere to recommended preventive measures to protect their health and well-being. How do the symptoms of an asthma flare-up compare to those of COVID-19? It can be challenging to differentiate between symptoms of an asthma flare and those of a COVID-19 infection, as both conditions can affect the respiratory system. Dr. Samuel Gurevich explains that sometimes an infection, including COVID-19, can trigger an asthma flare, making it possible to experience both conditions simultaneously. However, one of the key distinctions between asthma and COVID-19 symptoms is that asthma flare symptoms typically improve with the use of an inhaler, whereas COVID-19 symptoms generally require further treatment with medications like monoclonal antibodies, dexamethasone, and remdesivir for moderate to severe cases. Symptoms of an asthma flare or attack commonly include chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. On the other hand, according to the CDC, COVID-19 symptoms can include fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle aches, loss of taste or smell, headaches, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and nasal congestion/runny nose. While there may be some overlapping symptoms, such as shortness of breath and cough, asthma is more likely to present with wheezing and typically occurs after exposure to a known trigger, such as pollen or smoke. Fever, body aches, and loss of taste or smell are not associated with asthma but are common in COVID-19 cases. Is asthma a risk factor for COVID-19 or severe illness? Recent studies and data have provided reassurance that asthma is not necessarily associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, severity, or mortality. However, it is still important for individuals with asthma to keep their symptoms under control, especially considering the ongoing circulation of COVID-19. While asthma itself may not increase the likelihood of getting COVID-19 or experiencing worse outcomes, poorly controlled asthma or any lung deficiency can leave individuals with reduced respiratory reserve, making them potentially more vulnerable to respiratory infections like COVID-19. Dr. Mandal advises patients with moderate to severe asthma to keep their asthma well-managed, as uncontrolled asthma could potentially lead to worse respiratory symptoms if affected by COVID-19. Additionally, there have been anecdotal reports of patients experiencing asthma-like symptoms after recovering from COVID-19, suggesting a possible impact on the immune system that may require further investigation. Should people with asthma get the COVID-19 vaccine? Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing and wearing masks in public, can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. However, it is evident that higher vaccination rates are closely associated with a decreased risk of infections and hospitalizations, making vaccination the most effective way to combat the virus and restore a sense of normalcy. Initially, the impact of asthma on COVID-19 complications was not well understood. Experts recognized that patients with moderate to severe uncontrolled asthma may experience worsened respiratory symptoms if infected with COVID-19. Consequently, individuals with asthma were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination. While they may not have required priority over the general public, it is crucial for asthma patients not to forgo vaccination due to the potential risk of increased asthma symptoms following COVID-19 recovery. Dr. Mandal emphasizes that although we now know that having asthma does not necessarily increase the risk of COVID-19 complications, it was a prudent decision to prioritize asthma patients until further research was conducted. With the exception of individuals allergic to vaccine components or those who have experienced a previous allergic reaction to the vaccine, it is recommended that everyone receives the COVID-19 vaccine at this stage. Vaccination plays a pivotal role in controlling the spread of the virus and moving towards a return to normalcy.

Jul 02

How to Manage Anxiety as Mask Mandates End

As the world continues to grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, regulations and guidelines aimed at preventing the spread of the disease are evolving. Recently, there has been a loosening or elimination of mask mandates and social distancing protocols in various parts of the United States. While this news may be welcomed by some, others may feel a sense of suddenness or unease, especially in light of the recent surge of the highly contagious omicron variant. Following recommended guidelines from health authorities, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has provided a sense of comfort and safety for many individuals throughout the pandemic. However, with the removal of certain safety measures, it can feel as though a layer of that comfort has been taken away. It’s important to understand that these changes in regulations are driven by a combination of factors, including updated scientific understanding of the virus, progress in vaccination efforts, and considerations for the social and economic impact of ongoing restrictions. The aim is to strike a balance between mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and supporting the resumption of daily activities. Coping with feelings of uncertainty or anxiety during these transitions is crucial. Here are some strategies that can help: What’s Changed and Why? The recent loosening of state and local COVID-19 protocols across the United States is in response to changes in the way the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assesses COVID-19 risk in communities. The CDC now focuses on hospital capacity and the risk of severe disease rather than just case counts to determine a community’s risk level. This shift is based on the understanding that widespread population immunity and the availability of vaccines have reduced the overall risk of severe disease. As a result, the new CDC parameters categorize communities as low, medium, or high risk, allowing individuals in counties with low or medium risk levels to have discretion in wearing masks. However, it is important to note that individuals who are immunocompromised or live with someone at high risk for severe disease are still advised to continue wearing masks. In addition to mask guidelines, the new CDC guidelines have also relaxed social distancing recommendations. It is stated that 70% of Americans no longer need to maintain a six-feet distance or avoid crowded indoor spaces. Following the CDC’s announcement, many cities and states that had implemented strict coronavirus precautions began rolling back safety measures in the weeks that followed. These rollbacks are intended to strike a balance between public health and the resumption of economic and social activities. Why Are the Safety Protocol Changes Anxiety Inducing for Some People? Over the past few years, individuals have been consistently advised to wear masks as an important safety measure and a sign of responsibility and respect for others. However, the guidelines regarding mask-wearing are now changing, which can lead to discomfort for those who have been accustomed to wearing masks for the past two years, according to Greta Hirsch, PhD, PMH-C, a psychologist and clinical director. Given that not wearing a mask has been associated with danger for a significant period of time, it is understandable that there may be an emotional response to the evolving safety recommendations. If you are experiencing uncertainty or anxiety as daily life gradually returns to a more normal state, there are steps you can take and actions you can implement to help alleviate stress. Identify Your Personal Comfort Level Start by reflecting on your personal emotions and thoughts regarding the changing guidelines and determine whether you feel ready to remove your mask or engage in crowded environments once again. Neysa Ernst, DNP, MSN, RN, nurse manager at Johns Hopkins Medicine, emphasizes the importance of each individual deciding their own comfort level and reassures that it is perfectly okay to continue wearing a mask if it provides a sense of security. Additionally, allow yourself time to adapt to the new circumstances and find your own sense of normalcy. Khalilah Gates, MD, an associate professor of medicine in pulmonary and critical care at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, emphasizes that acceptable risk should be determined on an individual basis and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. If wearing a mask brings you more comfort, it is encouraged to continue doing so. Flexibility and a dedication to the collective well-being of society are essential in navigating these changes. Take it Step by Step Hirsch also recommended approaching the adjustment to relaxed protocols gradually, rather than diving into everything at once. One helpful strategy is to create a list that outlines experiences of increasing difficulty and anxiety. For example, if you haven’t had anyone over at your home or met up with friends, Hirsch suggests starting with simpler steps like meeting a friend in the park for a walk or inviting a small group of friends over for dinner before venturing into more crowded settings like a concert. Having a supportive partner, whether it’s a friend, family member, or spouse, can also facilitate the process. Hirsch suggests undertaking these steps with someone who is understanding and willing to provide support, helping you navigate the changes one step at a time. Focus On the Present Moment and Challenge Anxious Thoughts Another helpful technique to manage anxiety related to the relaxation of COVID-19 regulations is to practice recognizing and dismissing anxious thoughts, similar to what is done during meditation exercises. According to Hirsch, it’s important to catch and acknowledge “what-if” thoughts that may contribute to increased anxiety. By staying present and focused on the current moment, rather than worrying about future events in a negative and catastrophic way, you can reduce anxiety levels. Once you identify anxious thoughts, it’s beneficial to evaluate the evidence supporting or refuting those fears. For instance, if you’re concerned about shopping without a mask, you can examine the latest COVID-19 case numbers in your area to assess the actual risk. The CDC provides up-to-date information on cases by county. Hirsch advises challenging anxious thoughts instead of accepting

Oct 13

7 Breakthrough COVID Cases Have Hit the New York Yankees—What Does This Term Mean?

Only one team member has symptoms, and all were diagnosed via routine testing. In a recent and unexpected turn of events, seven members of the New York Yankees, including three coaches and four non-coach support staff members, have tested positive for COVID-19, despite all of them having been fully vaccinated against the virus. This development has raised questions about the nature of “breakthrough cases” and their implications, shedding light on the complex dynamics of the ongoing battle against the pandemic. The announcement of these breakthrough cases came to the fore during a press conference held by the team on March 11. The Yankees disclosed that all seven individuals who tested positive had received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, and remarkably, only one of them experienced “some symptoms” of COVID-19. The positive cases were detected through routine testing, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring and surveillance in preventing the spread of the virus. Team manager Aaron Boone conveyed the team’s adaptability in the face of this unexpected situation, stating, “We’re learning as we go. We’re getting informed on what we need to do exactly, and just trying to do the best we can to be able to make quick adjustments on the fly and pivot.” This underscores the challenges and uncertainties that continue to surround COVID-19, even in the presence of vaccination efforts. As a precautionary measure, every member of the Yankees traveling party has undergone at least three COVID-19 tests, including PCR nasal swabs and saliva tests, to ensure the virus is properly monitored and contained. During the press conference, it became evident that several players and coaches had resumed wearing masks in the dugout during games, highlighting the team’s commitment to minimizing the virus’s impact. Manager Aaron Boone emphasized the silver lining of vaccination, noting, “One of the good things about being vaccinated is that we are blunting the effects of this virus. I feel like, in a lot of ways, because we’re vaccinated, we’re good and we’re able to deal with this.” The term “breakthrough cases” took center stage during the press conference, prompting questions about what precisely constitutes a breakthrough case and why such occurrences happen. A breakthrough case, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), occurs when an individual who has been fully vaccinated against a particular illness, such as COVID-19, subsequently develops that illness. For COVID-19, a minimum of two weeks must have passed since the person’s last vaccine dose for the case to be classified as a breakthrough. In essence, these individuals are considered fully vaccinated against the virus. It is essential to recognize that breakthrough cases are not unique to COVID-19; they can occur with other illnesses as well, such as the flu. Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, underscores this point, emphasizing that no vaccine, regardless of its efficacy, is perfect. “Even at their best, these vaccines are 95% effective—not 100%,” Dr. Schaffner explains. The anticipation of breakthrough cases was built into vaccine development and distribution plans. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines varies among different vaccines. Based on clinical trial data, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boasts a 95% effectiveness rate in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infections, the Moderna vaccine stands at 94.1%, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine at 66%. However, direct comparisons between these vaccines may not be entirely accurate, as they were not studied simultaneously, under the same conditions, or against identical variants. The CDC acknowledges that individuals can still contract COVID-19 shortly before or after vaccination, leaving them vulnerable to infection. Additionally, certain COVID-19 variants may lead to illness in fully vaccinated individuals. As of April 26, the CDC reported a total of 9,245 breakthrough cases of COVID-19 in the United States, occurring after more than 95 million Americans had been fully vaccinated. Among these cases, 27% were asymptomatic, meaning the individuals showed no symptoms. Furthermore, 9% of those with breakthrough infections required hospitalization, and sadly, 132 individuals (approximately 1% of total cases) succumbed to the virus. The CDC has announced plans to transition its reporting to focus solely on breakthrough cases that result in hospitalization or death, beginning on May 14. This shift aims to enhance the quality of data collection, prioritizing cases of greater clinical and public health significance. Regarding the treatment of breakthrough cases, many individuals do not require any medical intervention. Dr. Schaffner points out that a significant portion of these cases is either asymptomatic or presents with mild symptoms, highlighting the vaccine’s success in mitigating the severity of the disease. In cases where individuals experience more severe symptoms, they receive the same treatment as those who have not been vaccinated, emphasizing the importance of prompt medical attention when necessary. Despite the occurrence of breakthrough cases, health experts continue to emphasize the critical importance of COVID-19 vaccination. The primary objectives of the vaccines remain steadfast: to prevent severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease expert and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, underscores the vaccines’ remarkable success in achieving these objectives. While the information presented here is accurate as of the time of publication, the fluid nature of the COVID-19 situation warrants ongoing vigilance and adaptation to evolving circumstances. Readers are encouraged to stay informed by referring to trusted sources such as the CDC, WHO, and their local public health departments for the latest information and guidance pertaining to COVID-19. In summary, the emergence of breakthrough cases among the New York Yankees serves as a stark reminder of the complexities surrounding COVID-19, even in the presence of vaccination efforts. These cases highlight the need for continued vigilance, regular testing, and adherence to public health measures. While breakthrough cases do occur, vaccines remain a potent tool in reducing the severity of the disease and preventing hospitalizations and deaths. The battle against COVID-19 is ongoing, and a collective commitment to vaccination and public health measures remains crucial in overcoming the challenges posed by the virus.

Sep 05

What Is COVID-19 Anxiety?

Experiencing anxiety related to COVID-19 is a normal response to the various challenges and uncertainties brought about by the pandemic. The disruptions in daily life, social isolation, and concerns about the health and well-being of oneself and loved ones can trigger feelings of anxiety and stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society since its onset in March 2020. The highly contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has necessitated significant changes in how people interact, work, and travel. The widespread transmission of the virus has placed a strain on healthcare systems, leading to overwhelmed hospitals and increased anxiety in the population.1 The mental health implications of the pandemic are substantial. From March 2020 to January 2021, an estimated 76 million people were diagnosed with anxiety, representing a 25% increase compared to the period from 2010 to 2019 when 30 million people were diagnosed. These statistics highlight the significant impact of the pandemic on mental well-being and the prevalence of anxiety-related concerns. COVID-19 Anxiety Symptoms Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by intense feelings of fear and apprehension in response to perceived threats. There are various types of anxiety disorders, including phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Despite their distinct features, these disorders often share common symptoms and manifestations.3 Individuals with anxiety disorders commonly experience symptoms such as: Additionally, anxiety can lead to the avoidance of situations or activities that were once enjoyable or deemed as safe. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and overall quality of life.3 What Causes COVID-19 Anxiety? The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, leading to the development or exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in many individuals. Various factors related to the pandemic have contributed to heightened anxiety levels among the population. One prominent factor is the pervasive uncertainty surrounding the virus itself. During the early stages of the pandemic, there was limited knowledge about the novel coronavirus, including its transmission, treatment, and long-term effects. The uncertainty surrounding these aspects created a sense of fear and concern among individuals, leading to increased anxiety. Social isolation and disrupted daily routines have also played a significant role in anxiety development. The necessary measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as lockdowns and physical distancing, resulted in limited social interactions and disrupted regular activities. The prolonged periods of isolation and the loss of familiar routines have contributed to feelings of loneliness, distress, and heightened anxiety. Financial worries have been another significant stressor for many individuals during the pandemic. The economic impact of the crisis, including job losses, reduced income, and financial instability, has caused significant distress and anxiety for individuals and families. The uncertainty surrounding employment and financial security has added an additional layer of anxiety to the already challenging circumstances. Healthcare providers and frontline workers have faced immense stress and anxiety throughout the pandemic. Overwhelmed healthcare systems, increased workload, and the risk of exposure to the virus have taken a toll on the mental health of these individuals. The constant pressure and demands placed on healthcare professionals have contributed to heightened anxiety levels. While the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and improved treatment options may have alleviated some of the initial uncertainties and stress, new variants such as Delta and Omicron have introduced new concerns and anxieties. The ever-evolving nature of the virus and its potential impact on public health can contribute to ongoing anxiety among individuals. Risk Factors Certain factors can increase an individual’s vulnerability to developing anxiety in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding these risk factors can help identify individuals who may require additional support and intervention. Some key risk factors include: How Is COVID-19 Anxiety Diagnosed? Healthcare providers play a crucial role in identifying and assessing anxiety disorders. During a screening or evaluation, they may employ various methods to gather information and determine the presence of anxiety. Here is a general outline of the process: Treatments for COVID-19 Anxiety Treating anxiety often involves an interdisciplinary approach. For example, a healthcare provider may advise a mix of psychotherapy, medication, support groups, or stress management techniques. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is an effective treatment option for addressing anxiety related to COVID-19 and other concerns. Here are some common types of psychotherapy used to alleviate anxiety: Medication Medications can be a valuable tool in managing anxiety symptoms, although they do not provide a cure for anxiety. Here are some classes of medications commonly prescribed for anxiety: Support Groups Support groups can be a valuable resource for individuals with anxiety. Connecting with others who share similar experiences and concerns can provide a sense of belonging, validation, and support. Here are some key benefits of joining a support group: In addition to in-person support groups, many organizations offer virtual support groups, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online support groups can provide a convenient and accessible way to connect with others, particularly for individuals who may have limited access to local support groups or prefer the anonymity of virtual interactions. The Anxiety & Depression Association of America (ADAA) is a reputable resource that offers a directory of support groups, both in-person and online. Exploring their directory or reaching out to mental health organizations in your area can help you find a support group that aligns with your needs and preferences. Stress Management Techniques Stress management techniques are valuable tools for reducing anxiety and promoting overall well-being. Here are some commonly recommended techniques that can help alleviate stress: How To Prevent COVID-19 Anxiety Taking proactive steps to prevent stress and fear related to COVID-19 can be empowering and help alleviate anxiety. Here are some precautions you can take: Assess Your Risk Assessing your risk of contracting COVID-19 can indeed empower you and help alleviate anxiety. Here are some steps you can take to determine your risk: Remember that assessing risk is about gaining a sense of control and making informed decisions rather than increasing anxiety. By actively engaging in this process,

Sep 05

How to Cope With Coronavirus Anxiety and Panic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous uncertainties and unknowns, leading to a sense of fear and anxiety. The fear of the unknown can be overwhelming because it reminds us that we have limited control over the situation, which triggers the fight-or-flight response. This heightened state of awareness and stress can lead to panic and anxiety as we grapple with the uncertainty of what may happen. According to experts, this feeling of powerlessness can result in different responses. Some individuals may adopt a defeatist attitude, feeling that they have no control over their lives, which can contribute to anxiety or depression. Others may feel compelled to take action to regain a sense of control, even if the actions are not necessarily productive or helpful in the given situation. Engaging in activities or behaviors to regain control may provide temporary relief or a sense of empowerment, but it may not necessarily address the underlying anxiety or resolve the uncertainty. In some cases, it may even exacerbate the anxiety. It is important to be mindful of the actions we take and evaluate whether they are truly beneficial or if they are driven by a need to regain control in a situation where control is limited. During times of uncertainty, it is crucial to prioritize self-care, maintain healthy coping mechanisms, and seek support from loved ones or mental health professionals. Accepting that there are certain aspects beyond our control and focusing on what we can manage can help alleviate anxiety and provide a sense of stability in uncertain times. Panic is caused by anxiety or a need for control The experience of panic is driven by the need to regain control, which can be intensified by social contagion and external influences. When faced with uncertain situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, panic can be triggered by the collective behavior of others and the constant stream of negative information in the media. This panic response is often characterized by a lack of clear thinking and irrational behavior, as exemplified by the rush to stock up on toilet paper, which is not actually in short supply. For individuals who already have anxiety, COVID-19 can serve as a significant trigger. Seeking concrete answers in the midst of uncertainty can amplify anxiety, and even minor triggers such as a sneeze or hearing about job losses can contribute to heightened worry and anxiety. It’s important to recognize that anxiety is a common experience for many people during these challenging times. The definition of clinical anxiety involves excessive anxiety and worry occurring on a regular basis for an extended period. Given the current circumstances, it is likely that a significant portion of the population meets this criteria. However, it’s crucial to understand that excessive worrying does not effectively alleviate fear or uncertainty. Trying to constantly control or seek reassurance about feared outcomes is unlikely to provide genuine relief. Instead, it’s important to cultivate acceptance of uncertainty and learn to be comfortable with not knowing all the answers. Here are some suggestions to help cope with the unknown and foster a more positive outlook: Slow down your thoughts by organizing them Anxiety often leads to racing thoughts and impulsive actions, but worrying is not an effective solution when faced with uncertainty. Dr. Brewer emphasizes the importance of slowing down the body and mind. With the rapidly changing circumstances, it becomes crucial to create space for clear thinking and planning. Dr. Yeager suggests practicing deep breathing to calm the mind and slow down thoughts. Engaging in the act of writing, whether it’s making to-do lists or jotting down thoughts in a notebook or document, can help shift focus to concrete tasks and regain a sense of control. By breaking down responsibilities into manageable steps, anxiety can be mitigated, and a logical approach can be adopted. To alleviate uncertainty, Dr. Ivankovich suggests contemplating various scenarios and considering possible responses. Although we cannot fully predict or prepare for the unknown, we can take proactive steps and implement measures within our control to the best of our abilities. It’s essential to acknowledge what actions can be taken in the present and let go of concerns that are beyond our influence. By focusing on one task at a time, prioritizing logical actions, and accepting the limits of control, individuals can reduce anxiety and navigate uncertain situations more effectively. It’s important to cultivate a mindset that embraces adaptability and resilience, allowing us to respond thoughtfully to each situation as it arises. Reach out to others for help and other perspectives If you’re struggling with anxiety, reaching out to a therapist can be beneficial. Many therapists are currently offering short-term assistance for free, and there are text-based tools and therapy apps available that can be accessed during the COVID-19 crisis. Talking to friends or a partner about your anxieties can also provide a helpful reality check. They may offer a different perspective or help you reframe your thinking. Dr. Yeager emphasizes that uncertainty is a shared experience for everyone at this time. Coping with uncertainty involves using lists, processes, and seeking support from others. It’s akin to playing chess, where you can only plan a few moves ahead because circumstances can change rapidly. Being willing to control what you can and adapt when necessary is essential in managing uncertainty effectively. Stop checking the news so much Constantly exposing yourself to the 24/7 news cycle can contribute to increased anxiety. Dr. Brewer explains that the brain treats the news like a casino, where the uncertainty of when the next big story or update will come creates a dopamine-driven anticipation. This intermittent reinforcement schedule can be addictive. To manage anxiety, it’s recommended to limit checking the news to two or three times a day to receive updates that are similar in scale. If negative headlines continue to trigger anxiety, it may be helpful to disconnect from live updates. Dr. Brewer suggests relying on credible sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Sep 05

What Is Trypanophobia? How to Cope With a Fear of Needles So You Can Get the COVID-19 Vaccine

Overcoming the fear of needles, or trypanophobia, is crucial in order to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and contribute to ending the pandemic. Although it is estimated that around 25% of adults experience this fear, approximately 7% of adults actually avoid getting vaccinated because of it, according to data from the CDC. The significance of widespread vaccination cannot be overstated. With hundreds of thousands of new COVID-19 cases reported daily and a significant number of deaths, it is essential to increase vaccination rates to achieve herd immunity. Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, which helps protect those who are more vulnerable. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that a substantial portion of the population needs to be vaccinated to safely achieve herd immunity against COVID-19. In addition to the broader impact on public health, it is crucial to consider your personal risk. Contracting COVID-19 can lead to severe illness and even death. Dr. Richard Watkins, an infectious disease physician and professor, highlights the seriousness and potential fatality of the disease. While you may already be aware of the importance of vaccination, what you need is guidance and support to overcome your fear. Here is some information to help you navigate and address your concerns, ensuring the protection of yourself, your loved ones, and the general population. What is trypanophobia, exactly? Trypanophobia, or the fear of needles as they relate to medical procedures, is a specific phobia and a type of anxiety disorder. According to the DSM-5, it is characterized as an intense and irrational fear of needles or injections. Initially, this fear serves as a normal defense mechanism to protect oneself from potential harm. However, in the case of trypanophobia, this fear intensifies and becomes debilitating. The fear of needles can manifest in various medical situations, including vaccinations, blood draws, IV fluids, and anesthesia. The exact causes of trypanophobia are not well understood, but there are theories suggesting that it may be related to a survival instinct that discourages puncturing the body. Fear of pain and the unknown can also contribute to this phobia. The idea of something unfamiliar being introduced into the body can be particularly frightening as it involves a loss of control. Trypanophobia tends to be more common in children, and many individuals outgrow the fear as they grow older. However, for some individuals, the fear persists into adulthood. It is important to acknowledge and address this fear to ensure that individuals can receive necessary medical procedures without undue distress. How can you know if you have trypanophobia? Symptoms of trypanophobia, as identified in a meta-analysis published in SAGE Open Nursing, can vary among individuals. Some common signs of trypanophobia may include: So what can you do if you have trypanophobia and want to get vaccinated? Overcoming a fear of needles, such as trypanophobia, can be challenging, but it is possible with the right strategies and support. Here are some steps you can take to help you navigate the process of getting vaccinated: Before you get vaccinated Once you have booked your appointment, try to shift your focus away from the anticipation of the shot. Instead, engage in activities or hobbies that distract your mind and keep you occupied. Remember that you have likely experienced injections before and have come through them unharmed. It can be helpful to keep reminding yourself of the significant benefits of getting vaccinated. Stay focused on the purpose behind your decision—to protect your health, save lives, and restore a sense of normalcy to your life. If you have concerns about fainting, you can try applying the “applied tension” therapy technique. Tense the muscles in your arms, torso, and legs, and hold the tension until you feel warmth. Then, release the tension and wait for your body to return to normal. This technique may help prevent fainting during the vaccination process. Lastly, remember that the actual moment of receiving the vaccine is a brief and quick process that only takes a second. Keeping this perspective can help alleviate some of the anxiety associated with the needle itself. Overall, be patient and gentle with yourself throughout this process. Take it one step at a time and trust that you have the strength and resilience to face your fear of needles and receive the COVID-19 vaccine. While you’re at the vaccination site While waiting for your vaccination appointment, it’s important to find ways to distract yourself. Distraction can be highly effective in managing anxiety. If possible, bring a friend along for support or use headphones to listen to music or watch a video on your phone. The goal is to block out the current scene and keep your mind occupied. When it’s time for the injection, inform the nurse about your fear of needles. They are likely experienced in helping patients with this fear and may have helpful strategies or techniques to assist you. Notifying them can also alert them to the possibility of fainting, so they can take appropriate precautions. Before the injection, you can practice diaphragmatic breathing, which involves taking deep breaths into your diaphragm to promote relaxation. Squeezing a stress ball or engaging in any calming activity can also be beneficial. Continuing to listen to music or watch a video can help distract your attention during the procedure. During the injection, it can be helpful to avoid looking at the needle. Focus your attention elsewhere and give the needle as little space in your thoughts as possible. Remember, the procedure itself is brief, and by minimizing your focus on the needle, you can help reduce anxiety and discomfort. After your vaccine Congratulations! Overcoming a phobia is a significant achievement, and it’s important to acknowledge and celebrate your success. Dr. Gallagher suggests giving yourself a well-deserved pat on the back and treating yourself to something special as a reward. It could be purchasing an item you’ve been eyeing or indulging in a delicious meal from your favorite restaurant.