What Is the Dark Triad and Why Are People With These Traits So Dangerous?

The term "dark triad" may evoke images of a horror movie or video game, but it refers to a troubling combination of personality traits found in some individuals. To shed light on this concept, we consulted with experts who provided insights into the dark triad, including its definition, signs of a dark triad personality, and the potential dangers associated with these traits.

What Is the Dark Triad?

The term "dark triad" was coined by two researchers in 2002 and was published in the Journal of Research in Personality. It refers to a combination of three interconnected negative personality types that you may already be familiar with:

• Narcissism: This involves an inflated sense of superiority and entitlement, although beneath the grandiosity, individuals with narcissism often harbor feelings of inadequacy.
• Machiavellianism: This trait is characterized by high levels of manipulation, a willingness to deceive others for personal gain, and a cynical worldview.
• Psychopathy: Key traits of psychopathy include a lack of empathy, emotional detachment, impulsivity, and a tendency to take risks.

At the core of these traits is a disregard for others and an excessive focus on self. Individuals with dark triad traits lack compassion, empathy, and a moral compass.

People exhibiting dark triad traits are often highly willing to exploit others to further their own interests, showing little remorse when causing harm to others. They may also display deceitful and aggressive behaviors.

How Common Are Dark Triad Personalities?

Determining the exact number of people who fit the description of the dark triad is challenging since it is not an officially recognized diagnosis in the DSM-5, which is considered the psychiatric diagnostic manual. As Thomas G. Plante, PhD, ABPP, professor of psychology at Santa Clara University and adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine, explained, the closest diagnosis we have is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

ASPD, also referred to as sociopathy, is a recognized mental disorder characterized by a repeated disregard for rules and a lack of consideration for the feelings of others. Individuals with ASPD, like those with dark triad traits, exhibit a significant lack of empathy, as well as a tendency toward hostility and aggression.

Plante noted that individuals with dark triad personalities appear to be relatively common based on available data, and their behavior can often be reinforced by societal factors.

How Can You Tell if Someone Has Dark Triad Traits?

Identifying individuals with dark triad personalities can be difficult due to their charismatic and charming nature, as noted by Paul Hokemeyer, PhD. They excel in flattery and have the ability to make others feel privileged to be in their presence, attributing them with elevated qualities of taste, intelligence, and compassion.

However, it is important to recognize that this facade cannot be maintained indefinitely. Over time, people with dark triad traits tend to exhaust their relationships by exploiting those who become close to them, as Hokemeyer explained.

These four behaviors can signal someone who has dark triad traits.

An Inability To Sustain Long-Term Relationships

People who have dark triad traits, such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, may struggle to maintain long-term relationships. This is because they often have difficulty forming genuine connections with others and tend to be self-serving and manipulative.

In addition, people with dark triad traits may be more likely to engage in risky or impulsive behaviors, which can damage relationships. For example, they may cheat on their partners, lie to their friends, or steal from their colleagues. As a result, people with dark triad traits may have a history of unsuccessful relationships. They may have been "cut off" by significant people in their lives, or they may have been involved in abusive or toxic relationships.

A History of Being a ‘Victim’ in Relationships and in Life

People with dark triad personality traits, such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, may be skilled at using manipulation and deception to control others. This can include gaslighting, which is a form of psychological abuse in which the abuser tries to make the victim doubt their own reality.

Gaslighting can be a very effective way to control someone, as it can make the victim feel confused, isolated, and even crazy. This can make it difficult for the victim to stand up for themselves or leave the relationship.

A 2019 study published in Sage Journals found that people with narcissistic tendencies or diagnosed narcissistic personality disorder are more likely to engage in gaslighting behavior. The study also found that these individuals are more likely to become violent when they feel their self-esteem is threatened or they are afraid of being abandoned.

Inconsistencies in Their Stories

Another notable characteristic of individuals with dark triad traits is the presence of inconsistencies in their stories and narratives. While they may initially demonstrate proficiency in manipulating facts to suit their agendas, over time, inconsistencies emerge, revealing discrepancies and contradictions in their accounts.

This is because people with dark triad traits often have difficulty keeping their stories straight. They may forget what they have said in the past, or they may make contradictory statements. This can lead to inconsistencies in their background details, such as their educational history, employment history, or personal relationships.

A Chronic Need To Be Fulfilled

Individuals with dark triad traits exhibit a persistent need to fulfill their desires at the expense of others. They frequently present themselves as perpetual victims, expressing consistent disappointment and an insatiable quest for personal fulfillment. It is essential to recognize that feeling constantly emotionally, physically, or financially drained may be indicative of manipulation and exploitation for the personal advantage of individuals with dark triad traits.

Can You Have a Relationship With Someone Who Has a Dark Triad Personality?

Hokemeyer strongly advises against engaging in any form of relationship, whether it’s a friendship, romantic partnership, or business association, with individuals who possess a dark triad personality. According to him, these individuals are inherently inclined to exploit others and will continue to do so, regardless of any desires for them to change.

While it is theoretically possible for people with dark triad traits to change, the likelihood of such transformation is exceedingly small, as per Hokemeyer’s observation. The personality traits that constitute the dark triad are deeply ingrained in their psyche and highly resistant to any attempts at change. Therefore, the most effective strategy is to distance oneself from them as swiftly as possible.

If you find yourself in a situation where you are unsure whether the individual exhibits dark triad traits or if extricating yourself is not a viable option, it is advisable to seek assistance from a therapist or counselor. These professionals can provide guidance, support, and strategies to navigate such relationships and ensure your well-being.

Please remember that seeking professional help is crucial, as the information provided here is for general understanding and should not replace the guidance of a qualified therapist or counselor.