As she removed the needle from the crook of my arm, the nurse overseeing my very first blood donation said, “I hope you had a good experience, because 95% of first-time donors never give blood a second time.” I can’t verify that statistic (National Library of Medicine data appears to refute it), but she’s certainly right that most people don’t tend to incorporate blood drives into their regular routine. I do, though. I give as often as the Red Cross allows, and not because I’m some angel of mercy or even all that charitable. For me, a big part of it comes down to—what else?—the snacks. How To Dispose Of Cooking Grease The Easy Way After Frying Off English The American Red Cross, founded in 1881, has been collecting civilians’ blood a pint at a time since 1948, and donation centers hum along like a well-oiled machine. Although the human body is surprisingly good at losing roughly 10% of its blood supply within minutes, a post-donation pick-me-up helps stabilize one’s blood sugar levels and provides the necessary energy boost for your body to replace its lost blood volume (a process that takes 24-48 hours). But the snack table carries other less obvious benefits, too. Advertisement Why you always get a snack at blood drives “Having a seat, munching on a small snack and drinking water helps donors recuperate under the care of staff trained to identify and respond to adverse reactions,” Red Cross spokesperson Danny Parra told The Takeout via email. If you waltz right out the door after donating, you leave behind any medical professionals who know what to do if you faint, suffer a dizzy spell, or feel nauseous after giving blood. Staying parked in a chair and working your way through a bag of Welch’s Fruit Snacks while you check emails keeps you monitored by the pros just a little longer. Advertisement Advertisement Parra also suggests that the snack table functions as a gathering place for donors to socialize. While I don’t often chat up my fellow blood-givers, it’s true that this self-selected group of folks who took time out of their workday to get a needle stuck in their arm tends to be a pleasant bunch, flush with the satisfaction of having helped someone in need. Plus, emphasizing the social element can often encourage groups of people to snag donation time slots together, thereby increasing the amount of donations per blood drive. Finally, it’s a perk, plain and simple. “Providing tasty snacks and refreshing drinks is one of the ways we care for and show our gratitude to the 6.8 million Americans who donate blood each year,” Parra said. On my college campus, blood donations always came with the promise of two slices of pizza per donor. Do you think anyone with the proper iron levels turned that down? The Red Cross blood donation snack options The pizza, I eventually found out, is not a standard offering. The Red Cross arrives with its own supply of prepackaged treats in tow, and the organization hosting the drive can layer on any other perks they want (such as Papa Johns). Because it’s provided by the Red Cross itself, the post-donation snack table always seems to have the same array of options. They might vary by region, but here’s what’s always on offer at my Midwest-area blood drives: Bottled water Sun-Maid Raisins Welch’s Fruit Snacks Cheez-It Whole Grain Chips Ahoy! Snyders of Hanover Mini Pretzels Cooper Street Twice Baked Cookies (Brownie Chocolate & Blueberry Lemon flavor) Cooper Street Granola Bakes (Oatmeal Cranberry & Blueberry Pomegranate flavor) OREO Minis Nutter Butter cookies Quite an assortment, right? There’s always lots to choose from; I go for the Cooper Street products because they’re the only snacks that feel “exotic” (aka aren’t available at every single major grocery store nationwide). I asked Parra how the Red Cross decides what to stock—beyond the bottled water, of course. Advertisement “The Red Cross strives to provide snacks that accommodate all dietary needs, including those with celiac sensitivity, by offering raisins, trail mix, and fruit snacks as gluten free options,” Parra said. Similarly, the Cooper Street snacks are nut free and dairy free, and both the pretzels and Cheez-Its contain no sugar. Advertisement What to eat before and after blood donation However, both preparing for and recuperating from a blood donation takes more than just the snacks provided by the Red Cross. There’s a lot of guidance on what to do before, during, and after donation to ensure a seamless recovery, and much of it revolves around what to eat. Here are the broad strokes: Drink the right fluids. Avoid alcoholic drinks before your appointment, and if you can make it through the day without your morning coffee, it’s best to skip that as well. These beverages can affect your heart rate, as well as displace water in your system. Meanwhile, you should be taking in an extra glass or two of water beyond what you’d normally consume; this will make your veins easier to find, sparing you any extra prods and pokes of the needle. Eat a full meal. Eating iron-rich foods is preferred before a blood donation because it assists the production of hemoglobin, which delivers oxygen to your body tissue. But even if you don’t have dark leafy greens and lamb chops lying around the house, there are a surprising number of foods recommended by the Red Cross that you’re bound to have on hand. Do it all again. Just as you prepped for your blood donation with plenty of food and excess hydration, you’ll need to repeat that regimen in the 24 hours following your donation, too. During this timeframe, at least, don’t try to make your body run on your typical weekday intake of Diet Coke and pretzel rods, okay? Advertisement If you’ve never donated blood, the thought of following all this guidance might be understandably daunting. But if the prospect of ducking out of work for an hour, lying on
Day: July 2, 2024
Kacie Hutton (left) and Jill Matlock, both prevention specialists with the Wyoming Department of Health’s Chronic Disease Prevention Program, look over educational materials that are part of blood pressure kits available at the Natrona County Library. The kits are offered through a collaborative pilot project involving the Wyoming Center on Aging at the University of Wyoming, the Wyoming Department of Health’s Chronic Disease Prevention Program and each library system in all 23 Wyoming counties. (Kyle Spradley Photo) Self-measured blood pressure monitoring kits are now available for checkout at libraries across the state. The kits are offered through a collaborative pilot project involving the Wyoming Center on Aging (WyCOA) at the University of Wyoming, the Wyoming Department of Health’s Chronic Disease Prevention Program and each library system in all 23 Wyoming counties. In all, 252 blood pressure monitoring kits are available at 67 libraries. The project started out small with what was supposed to be a four-county pilot project in Albany, Converse, Park and Sweetwater counties. But, after WyCOA staff attended the Wyoming Library Association Conference in Casper in October 2022, the project quickly grew. “We were able to demonstrate the kits to the library professionals, and they were so excited. They all asked when their library was next in line for kits,” says Kara Beech, a regional coordinator with WyCOA. “It was exciting to see how the libraries want to not only provide books but be an information and resources hub for their community,” adds Kevin Franke, a regional coordinator with WyCOA. “They were a great group of individuals to work with on this project.” The kits, available in both English and Spanish, include an automated home blood pressure cuff; blood pressure logbooks; educational materials from the American Heart Association; information on what blood pressure is; and ideas for healthy lifestyle changes. The kits also include a resource directory to local community-based organizations and referral resources to the Healthy U chronic disease self-management program and Cent$ible Nutrition Program. The loan period is two or three weeks, depending on the library. Blood pressure kits can be renewed, up to two times, if there are no holds on the item. Nearly half of adults in the United States — 47 percent, or 116 million — have high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, or are taking medication for hypertension, and 24 percent with hypertension have their condition under control, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In Wyoming, 30.7 percent of adults have been told that they have high blood pressure, according to the Wyoming Department of Health’s Chronic Disease Prevention Program. While self-measured blood pressure is not a substitute for regular visits to primary care physicians, it is a way for individuals to see and track their numbers, giving them more information that can be communicated to their doctors. “Information is power and, the more information a patient and their doctor have, the better the treatment plan,” Beech says. “Better treatment plans lead to better overall health. That’s the goal of this project — to work to improve the health of our communities.” Libraries around the state are committed to building and supporting strong, healthy communities. This project provided a unique opportunity to offer communities more information about self-monitored blood pressure and its important role in health. “We’re excited to partner with the Wyoming Department of Health and WyCOA to bring these much-needed resources to the community,” says Lisa Scroggins, executive director of the Natrona County Library. To watch a video about this program, go to www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mmm4Y4x_JDc. To learn more about WyCOA and its programs, go to www.uwyo.edu/wycoa/.
The largest blood drive in New England will be held next week in Manchester.The Gail Singer Memorial Blood Drive is celebrating 40 years with a two-day donation event. The drive started as a way for Stephen Singer and his family to honor the life of his sister-in-law, Gail Singer. It has become the largest blood drive in New England and holds the record for the largest single-day collection event in the country.”We love doing this,” Stephen Singer said. “We are thrilled we can make a difference in our community and perpetuate Gail’s memory.”American Red Cross officials said the need for blood donations is great.”This summer, we have seen about 50,000 fewer blood donations than we’ve needed to send to hospitals, so this blood drive, especially, is really important, being the largest in the region.”Organizers are expecting about 1,500 donors over the course of two days.Anyone who wants to donate can sign up for a slot online or stop by the DoubleTree in Manchester on Aug. 23 or 24. MANCHESTER, N.H. — The largest blood drive in New England will be held next week in Manchester. The Gail Singer Memorial Blood Drive is celebrating 40 years with a two-day donation event. Advertisement The drive started as a way for Stephen Singer and his family to honor the life of his sister-in-law, Gail Singer. It has become the largest blood drive in New England and holds the record for the largest single-day collection event in the country. “We love doing this,” Stephen Singer said. “We are thrilled we can make a difference in our community and perpetuate Gail’s memory.” American Red Cross officials said the need for blood donations is great. “This summer, we have seen about 50,000 fewer blood donations than we’ve needed to send to hospitals, so this blood drive, especially, is really important, being the largest in the region.” Organizers are expecting about 1,500 donors over the course of two days. Anyone who wants to donate can sign up for a slot online or stop by the DoubleTree in Manchester on Aug. 23 or 24.
Scientists are investigating how blood cells or other parts of blood might be responsible for aging. fotograzia via Getty Images Connecting the bloodstreams of old and young mice can extend the lifespan of the older creatures by about six to nine percent, according to recent research. In a procedure that sounds like a vampire’s dream, a team of scientists surgically connected pairs of living mice so that blood could circulate between them. After three months with their bodies fused together, the animals were unstitched and studied for the effects on their longevity. The results, published late last month in the journal Nature Aging, show older mice’s lifespans tended to get a boost after the animals were linked to a young partner, when compared to older mice that had been connected to an old partner. Even two months after sharing the young blood, older mice had more youthful levels of molecules known to reflect aging. “It’s a beautiful demonstration—it really shows that this effect is not transient,” says Tony Wyss-Coray, a parabiosis researcher at Stanford University who was not involved in the study, to the New York Times’ Carl Zimmer. While this conjoining procedure, called parabiosis, is definitely not something you’ll see at your next spa day, connecting young and old individuals has shown promise for reducing aging in previous animal research. As far back as the 1800s, French scientists found that, after surgically attaching two rats, injecting a compound from a deadly nightshade plant into one rat could dilate the pupils of the other, the Times reports. Since the 2000s, researchers have found that the procedure seems to make several organs, including the brain and the heart, appear younger for their age in mice. In the new study, undergoing a three-month period of parabiosis with a younger mouse resulted in older mice living about six weeks longer. “Based purely on this study, the extension in lifespan would equate to about five to seven human years,” says James White, senior author of the study and a cell biologist at Duke University, to Newsweek’s Pandora Dewan. After the procedure ended, scientists looked at the animals’ biological age, or the age of their cells and tissues based on molecular markers in the blood, liver and DNA. The bodies of older mice that had been connected to a younger individual seemed to age less quickly than expected. But Michael Conboy, a researcher studying aging at the University of California, Berkeley, tells the Times that this result is not necessarily the final word on the matter, as a similar experiment published last year did not extend the older mice’s lifespans by a statistically significant amount. Parabiosis is a very extreme surgery, and during it, the mice share much more than blood. “It’s not just an infusion,” says co-lead author and researcher Vadim Gladyshev, at Harvard Medical School, to the Harvard Gazette’s Clea Simon. “Old mice have access to the younger organs, and… the damage accumulated with age is distributed.” In this way, the procedure isn’t without a cost: The younger mice in the experiments showed signs of accelerated aging after being disconnected from their older counterparts. But this damage to the youngsters can disappear over time, while the rejuvenating effects on the older mice are permanent, Gladyshev tells the publication. As to why parabiosis appeared to rejuvenate older mice’s bodies, scientists say that receiving young blood alone might not be the main restorative factor. Diluting the older mouse’s blood might be more important, if it contains cells or proteins that are causing aging, says White to New Scientist’s Alice Klein. Alternatively, when the mice are connected, the young mouse’s kidneys and liver might be helping the older one’s circulatory system. “It’s probably a combination of different factors that leads to the rejuvenating effect,” Gladyshev tells the Harvard Gazette. Importantly, the results are not ready to be applied to humans. Even if youthful blood is the key to slowing aging in an older mouse, scientists don’t currently have evidence that human biology works the same way, or that a less invasive blood transfusion could achieve similar results for us. In response to claims that blood plasma from young donors could treat dementia, the Food and Drug administration released a warning in 2019, saying that this technique has not been clinically proven to be beneficial or safe. A small trial testing weekly infusions of young plasma in Alzheimer’s patients resulted in “minimal benefits,” per New Scientist. Blood itself is needed by cancer patients and victims of accidents. David Irving, director of product usage at Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, tells New Scientist that using donated blood in an attempt to extend lifespan is unethical, and that “[a] better focus would be on calorie restriction, for which there is much better evidence.” In a clinical trial published this year, eating fewer calories reduced DNA markers of aging in human participants’ blood. Regardless, scientists still need to get more information on what influences aging. “It’s clearly not just that an infusion of young blood rejuvenates,” Gladyshev tells the Harvard Gazette. “It’s more complex than that.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday. Recommended Videos Filed Under: Aging, Animals, Biology, Health, Mice, New Research
Even when you know how important giving blood is, it takes on a new meaning when someone you love needs it. That was the case for a local mom whose immediate instinct was to help refill the lifesaving blood bank that saved her son as he faced leukemia. When a mother nurtures two premature babies through infancy, she hopes the most difficult times would be behind her. But for Naomi Trotto, that wasn’t going to be the case as her son Tyler was diagnosed with leukemia. But like she felt when he was a baby, she needed to help where she could. Tyler Trotto, 14, had been feeling sick for a few days when he went to the hospital. “They did a full blood panel and discovered leukemia,” Naomi Trotto said. “He has acute lymphoblastic leukemia B-cell.” “One of my first questions I had was, ‘Was I gonna die?’ and the first response from everybody was no,” Tyler said. “So, it made me feel so much better, and I was relieved through the whole treatment.” But even with that reassurance, he was in for a difficult course of treatment. “The feeling of the chemo and all that was just terrible, and like I had to learn how to swallow pills,” Tyler said. “All of that was just — it was just a sucky time, to be honest.” “Thankfully, he’s responded well to treatment and has not needed any kind of bone marrow transplant or things like that,” Trotto said. “He has, however, gotten nine bags of blood and three bags of platelets. “He would get really, really pale, different from if you’re sick pale, regular sick. For him, when he got pale, it would be gray. He would look very gray, like, and he would be lethargic.” But blood transfusions had an immediate effect. “You go from feeling terrible to feeling, to be honest, like 90% better,” Tyler said. His mother saw how the transfusions helped her son, and she was moved to do more. “I had two preemies,” Trotto said. “I thought that was enough. When your kids are born early, there’s so much you surrender to the hospital and to the nurses that you don’t have control over.” But the maternal instinct is powerful. “When your child is fighting for their life, you want to help, and so I was able to breastfeed both of my children out of the NICU, and I was able to be a part of their treatment and kind of partner with the doctors,” Trotto said. “When it came time for this, I don’t have the same blood type as him. Even if I did, I probably couldn’t directly donate to him. So, the first bag got hung, and my initial thought is, ‘How can I help?’” They’ve held four blood drives o far, and they’ve been successful. “We just had a blood drive on Monday, last Monday, and we collected 47 units of blood,” Trotto said. “That’s more than I could do for him.” “If there weren’t people donating blood, then, to be honest, I might not be here,” Tyler said. Trotto said now that she’s organized blood drives, she also recognizes that there’s a need for volunteers at blood drives. So, even if you can’t donate, you can still help.
The Health Ministry warns of the risk of serious eye infections from swimming in the Sea of Galilee. In a statement, the ministry says at least three cases have been reported in recent days of inflammation of the cornea and corneal scarring, caused by microsporidia, a fungal parasite in the water. This fungus can enter the body via the soft tissue around the eye while a person swims. The ministry urges those who intend to enter the lake to wear goggles. Those who are experiencing symptoms are urged to seek medical help immediately.
Sign up for our free Health Check email to receive exclusive analysis on the week in health Get our free Health Check email People with lung infections are being encouraged to keep eating vegetables such as Brussels sprouts and cabbage in a bid to ease their illness. Scientists said that cruciferous vegetables, which include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, horseradish and turnips, contain a molecule which helps to maintain a healthy “barrier” in the lung which may in turn ease lung infections. Researchers from the Francis Crick Institute examined a protein called the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which can be activated by natural molecules in this type of vegetable. The effect AHR has on immune cells is well understood but now scientists have found that it also plays a role in endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the lung. The lung has a barrier made up of two layers, one of endothelial cells and one of epithelial cells, which allow oxygen to enter. But the barrier has to be kept strong to ward off pollution, viruses and bacteria. It’s a good idea to eat lots of cruciferous vegetables anyway, but this shows it’s even more important to continue eating them when you’re ill Andreas Wack The research team from the Crick conducted a series of experiments on mice which found that AHR plays an important role in helping maintain a strong barrier. Mice with flu were found to have blood in air spaces between their lungs because it had leaked across a damaged barrier. But AHR appeared to stop the barrier from leaking as much. They found that when AHR was “overactivated” there was less blood in lung spaces. The scientists also found that mice with enhanced AHR activity did not lose as much weight when infected with flu, and were able to better fight off a bacterial infection on top of the original virus. When AHR was prevented from being expressed in lung endothelial cells of mice, there was greater damage to the barrier, according to the study published in the journal Nature. Meanwhile, infected mice did not eat as much food when ill so their intake of foods which activated AHR was reduced, which appeared to lead to more lung damage. Mice on a diet rich with cruciferous vegetables were found to have healthier lung barriers and suffered less lung damage when infected with flu. Andreas Wack, group leader of the Immunoregulation Laboratory at the Crick, said: “Until recently, we’ve mainly looked at barrier protection through the lens of immune cells. “Now we’ve shown that AHR is important for maintaining a strong barrier in the lungs through the endothelial cell layer, which is disrupted during infection. “People may be less likely to maintain a good diet when they’re ill, so aren’t taking in the molecules from vegetables which make this system work. It’s a good idea to eat lots of cruciferous vegetables anyway, but this shows it’s even more important to continue eating them when you’re ill.” Commenting on the study, Dr John Tregoning, reader in respiratory infections at Imperial College London, said: “This study is important because it shows how the cells that line the lungs protect against damage following viral infection and that protection from infectious disease is not the sole reserve of the immune system. “The study shows that a compound derived from broccoli (and other cruciferous vegetables) can improve protection against viral lung damage. “The study is well performed and the conclusions in the mouse model are well backed up. “How this study translates into people during lung infection needs further work.”
Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released. Sandor E. Karpathy , Luke Kingry, Bobbi S. Pritt, Jonathan C. Berry, Neil B. Chilton, Shaun J. Dergousoff1, Roberto Cortinas, Sarah W. Sheldon, Stephanie Oatman2, Melissa Anacker, Jeannine Petersen, and Christopher D. Paddock Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.E. Karpathy, C.D. Paddock); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (L. Kingry, S.W. Sheldon, S. Oatman, J. Petersen); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (B.S. Pritt, J.C. Berry); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (N.B. Chilton, S.J. Dergousoff); University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA (R. Cortinas); Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (M. Anacker) The genus Anaplasma includes several species of tickborne, zoonotic pathogens of global importance. Three recognized species (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma ovis, and Anaplasma bovis) and one provisionally named species (Anaplasma capra) are associated with moderately severe to severe disease in humans (1). Human infections with A. bovis, a pathogen first identified in monocytes of cattle in Algeria in 1936 and subsequently detected in other countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, were reported from China in 2017 (1–3). In 2015, a targeted metagenomic approach designed to amplify the V1–V2 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA (rrs) gene identified DNA of an A. bovis–like agent in blood specimens from 2 US patients with suspected tickborne illnesses (4). The agent demonstrated 100% identity across a 357-bp region of rrs to A. bovis–like sequences amplified from several human-biting Dermacentor tick species in North America (4). An additional 2 US patients positive for this same Anaplasma species were identified in 2017 (L. Kingry et al., unpub. data), although the genetic identity of this pathogen remained limited to the same 357-bp sequence of rrs (5–7). To further characterize the phylogenetic position of this novel agent, we evaluated additional sequences to determine the uniqueness of this strain among the expanding global complex of A. bovis–like bacteria. The Study We extracted DNA from 100 µL of EDTA-treated whole blood obtained from 4 patients from whom partial rrs sequences of an A. bovis–like agent were identified from a targeted metagenomics assessment of whole blood specimens collected from US patients with suspected tickborne disease (4; L. Kingry et al., unpub. data). DNA extracts containing A. bovis DNA were also available from an adult Dermacentor andersoni tick collected in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park in Saskatchewan, Canada, and from 5 adult Dermacentor variabilis ticks collected in Washita County, Oklahoma; Floyd County, Iowa; and Sarpy and Cass Counties, Nebraska, from which partial rrs sequences most similar with A. bovis were amplified previously (5,6; L. Kingry et al., unpub. data). We amplified segments of the rrs, citrate synthase (gltA), and heat shock chaperon (groEL) genes using Taq PCR Master Mix Kit (QIAGEN, https://www.qiagen.com) (Table 1). Each 20-µL primary reaction consisted of 1 µM of each primer, 10 µL Taq Master Mix, 2 µL DNA, and 6 µL molecular-grade water. Secondary reactions (groEL only) consisted of 1 µM of each primer, 10 µL Taq Master Mix, 1 µL primary PCR product, and 7 µL molecular-grade water. We resolved PCR amplicons on a 1% agarose gel in Tris-acetate-EDTA buffer and cut amplicons from the gel and purified using a Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Promega, https://www.promega.com). We sequenced each purified amplicon (1 µL) bidirectionally using a Big Dye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit, purified using a BigDye XTerminator Purification Kit, and sequenced using an ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer (all from ThermoFisher Scientific, https://www.thermofisher.com). We used Geneious Prime version 2021.0.3 (https://www.geneious.com) to assemble and align consensus sequences and infer the phylogenetic relationships between DNA sequences (12). Only 3 sources of genetic information for A. bovis were available in GenBank that provided complete or partial sequence data at all 3 loci, including those amplified from the blood of a raccoon (Procyon lotor) captured in Hokkaido, Japan (13); a goat (Capra sp.) from Shaanxi Province, China; and a cow (Bos taurus) from Shaanxi Province, China. The rrs, gltA, and groEL nucleotide sequences amplified from the human samples were submitted to GenBank and assigned the accession numbers OQ693620 (rrs), OQ694770 (gltA), and OQ693619 (groEL). Figure 50 are shown. GenBank accession numbers for the samples in this study: OQ772254;, gltA; OQ772255, groEL; and OQ724830, rrs; those for the D. andersoni sample were assigned the following numbers: OQ772256, gltA; OQ772257, groEL; and OQ724821, rrs. Reference sequences from GenBank: Anaplasma bovis (cow, China): MH255937, 16S; MH594290, gltA; MH255906.1, groEL; A. bovis (goat, China): MH255939, 16S; MH255915.1, gltA; MH255907, groEL; A. bovis (raccoon, Japan): GU937020, 16S; JN588561, gltA; JN588562, groEL; Anaplasma platys strain Okinawa: AY077619, 16S; AY077620, gltA; AY077621, groEL; A. phagocytophilum strain HZ NC_007797; A. centrale strain Israel NC_013532; A. marginale strain Florida NC_012026. Ehrlichia chaffeensis strain West Paces (NZ_CP007480) was used as the outgroup. Scale bar represents mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site.”> Figure. Phylogenetic relationship of novel human Anaplasma bovis–like pathogen associated with human cases in the United States, 2015–2017, to other A. bovis–like and related Anaplasmaspecies… The rrs sequences (599-bp) of the 4 human samples were 100% identical to each other and to those amplified from a D. andersoni tick and 5 D. variabilis ticks; the sequences also showed 98.3% identity to the rrs sequences amplified from blood specimens obtained from the cow from China, 98% to those from the goat from China, and 97.8% identity to those from the raccoon from Japan. The 826-bp gltA sequences from the 4 human samples were 100% identical to each other and to all sequences from D. variabilis ticks; they also were 99.4% identical to the 827-bp sequence from the D. andersoni tick. When trimmed to 356 bp to match the sequence lengths available in GenBank of those from the cow and goat from China, the North America sequences amplified from humans and ticks shared only 78.6%–to 79.4% identity with the sequences from China. The groEL sequences (1,079-bp) of
The patterns suggest vaping is being used as a smoking cessation tool—whether that’s a bad or good thing isn’t fully clear. Use of e-cigarettes by people with cardiovascular disease had been on the decline for a few years but then rebounded in 2020 with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, topping out at a prevalence of around 5%, according to an analysis of US survey data. The findings were published online Tuesday as a research letter in JAMA Network Open. “E-cigarettes have been considered a safe means of smoking cessation for combustible cigarettes. However, the evidence of cardiovascular harm of e-cigarettes has been accumulating in recent years, so it is necessary to understand the proportion and trend of e-cigarette use in people with CVD,” said Shanjie Wang, MD, PhD (Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China), who shares senior authorship on the paper with Yiying Zhang, MD, PhD (Jiamusi University, China). What they found, Wang told TCTMD in an email, is that adults below the age of 60, women, and former smokers are all more likely to use e-cigarettes. The data also show that people who currently smoke conventional cigarettes and those who’ve quit have a higher prevalence of vaping than those who’ve never smoked to begin with, “suggesting that the idea of replacing traditional cigarettes with e-cigarettes cannot be ignored,” he said. Clinicians [should] pay more attention to the cardiovascular health of current tobacco users and former cigarette users who use e-cigarettes when asking about e-cigarette use. Shanjie Wang Wang noted that e-cigarette use is more prevalent in CVD patients than in the general population. “Clinicians [should] pay more attention to the cardiovascular health of current tobacco users and former cigarette users who use e-cigarettes when asking about e-cigarette use. However, there is still no definitive conclusion on whether e-cigarettes can replace traditional cigarettes and relatively improve the cardiovascular health of patients,” he explained. Holly R. Middlekauff, MD (UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA), commenting on the results for TCTMD, said that the new data interestingly show that while e-cigarette use among people with CVD went up in the last year or so of the study period, the use of traditional cigarettes was on the decline. Moreover, only a tiny slice of the e-cigarette users classified themselves as “never smokers.” This points to the existence of a group—current smokers who wish to quit or cut back—“that would really benefit from doing almost anything besides smoking a tobacco cigarette. It’s that whole harm reduction idea,” she said. “Dual use is not so beneficial from the heart standpoint,” but it seems likely that completely eliminating smoked tobacco by switching to e-cigarettes would be a good move, Middlekauff noted. “We do know that if somebody smokes just one to two tobacco cigarettes a day, they have a similar cardiovascular risk as somebody who smokes one to two packs a day. It’s kind of an on/off thing. . . . The cancer risk is more related to duration of smoking and burden, but the cardiovascular risk is really related to whether you smoke at all. So if you’ve cut out 95% of your tobacco cigarettes, that’s good, but it’s not going to give you nearly the benefit as completely stopping smoking.” There probably is going to be some cardiovascular harm from using electronic cigarettes, but it’s probably orders of magnitude less than tobacco cigarettes. Holly R. Middlekauff The long-term cardiovascular effects of vaping are still unknown, said Middlekauff. Her own research, along with other studies, has shown that e-cigarettes can cause physiologic changes that might up the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease. Still, if e-cigarettes can indeed help people quit smoking—as has been suggested by earlier research, including the randomized E3 trial—then the risks might be outweighed by the health gains, she suggested. “There probably is going to be some cardiovascular harm from using electronic cigarettes, but it’s probably orders of magnitude less than tobacco cigarettes. We know that those are bad for you, those kill you—they kill half the people that use them, yet people still use them because it’s such a powerful addiction,” Middlekauff said. From Tobacco to E-Cigarettes Led by Xin Wen, MD (Jiamusi University), the researchers analyzed data on 30,465 adults with CVD who responded to the National Health Interview Survey between 2014 and 2020. The mean age was 65 years, and 47.8% were women. Most of the participants (84.7%) self-identified as white, while 4.9% self-identified as Black, 4.9% as Hispanic, and 1.6% as Asian. Among these patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, current use of e-cigarettes decreased initially, with the weighted prevalence dropping from 5.2% in 2014 to 3.1% in 2019. However, it then rebounded back to 5.2% in 2020. E-cigarette use decreased over the years for those ages 60 or older (dropping from 2.9% in 2014 to 0.9% in 2020) but held steady for those younger than 60 (at 6.2% in 2014 and 7.2% in 2020). Before 2018, men were more apt to use e-cigarettes than were women, though this was no longer the case in 2019 and 2020, by which time 2.9% of men and 8.3% of women reported vaping. People with CVD who had quit smoking conventional cigarettes were, over the years, increasingly more likely to use e-cigarettes (rising from 3.2% in 2015 to 10.1% in 2020). Adjusted for age, sex, region, race/ethnicity, education, and household income, several factors predicted higher or lower odds of e-cigarette use. Predictors of E-Cigarette Use in Patients With CVD Adjusted OR (95% CI) Age (vs ≥ 60 Years) 18-39 Years 40-59 Years 5.2 (4.0-6.7) 3.2 (2.6-4.1) Race/Ethnicity (vs White) Asian Black 0.3 (0.2-0.4) 0.3 (0.3-0.5) Education Level (vs ≥ College) < High School 1.6 (1.2-2.1) Household Income (vs High) Middle Low 1.7 (1.4-2.5) 2.2 (1.6-2.8) Smoking Status (vs Current) Former, Quit ≤ 1 Year Former, Quit > 4 Years Never 1.8 (1.2-2.7) 0.2 (0.2-0.3) 0.1 (0.1-0.2) Failed Attempt to Quit ≤ 1 Year 2.0 (1.5-2.6) “More attention should be paid to young people, women, and
In the city of Flint and Genesee County as a whole, the community is very tight-knit and rife with those who are always willing to go the extra mile to make a difference for others. This Friday, August 18th, Flint’s American Red Cross Blood Donation Center will be hosting a blood drive for those in need. The Red Cross is a massive organization dedicated to providing lifesaving blood, disaster relief, aid to military families, etc. to all of those who need it in the Flint area, the United States, and all over the world. The Red Cross claims that they host blood drives as often as they can “because blood is needed every day.” Did you know that blood only lasts 42 days after it’s been collected, and after that it becomes unusable? This is just one reason why they are always seeking more donors. If you want to join this amazing local network of donors, attend the blood drive at Flint’s American Red Cross Blood Donation Center located at 1401 S. Grand Traverse St. in Flint, MI 48503. The hours for the drive on Friday, August 18th are 10 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. If you’re working during those hours, try to make it over there on your lunch hour. The donation of your time (as well as your blood) is greatly appreciated by all the volunteers. If you’re trying to save time when you go, you can streamline your donation experience and save 15 minutes by going to RedCrossBlood.org/RapidPass and completing your pre-donation reading and health history questions on the day of your visit. To schedule your appointment for the blood drive, log onto RedCrossBlood.org or call 1-800-RED-CROSS (1-800-733-2767). And thank you for supporting those in need in your community. Things To Know For Your First Time Donating Blood Donating blood can save lives. It’s really important to donate if you meet the eligibility guidelines. If you’ve never donated before it might be overwhelming. Here’s some information to help you get started. 7 Reasons Why You Should Give Blood Why Donate Blood? , How to donate blood., Where to donate blood, Red Cross Blood Centers in Montana,