Day: July 1, 2024

Jul 01

This is the best exercise to lower blood pressure, study finds

High blood pressure is known as the “silent killer” because it often comes with no symptoms and puts people at a higher risk of heart disease. Exercise can lower blood pressure without medication, so experts have been urging doctors to prescribe it for people with hypertension, which is defined at or above 130/80 mmHg. But what kind of exercise is best? A recent review of studies suggests it’s isometric exercise, particularly the wall squat. The wall squat is simple, but incredibly intense.FilippoBacci / Getty Images Unlike walking or running, which is all about movement, isometric exercise involves contracting muscles and holding that position for a few minutes without moving. It’s static, but very intense. Think of a plank. The paper, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, found all types of physical activity — including aerobic exercise, resistance training and high-intensity interval training — were “significantly effective” in reducing resting blood pressure. But isometric exercise was the most effective. It reduced systolic blood pressure (the upper number of the reading) by 8 points and diastolic blood pressure (the lower number) by 4 points, the authors write. The findings are based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of 270 randomized controlled trials that involved more than 15,000 participants and looked at the effects of various modes of exercise on resting blood pressure. It’s not clear why isometric exercises are so effective, but it appears to be linked to the unique physiological response to a static muscle contraction, says Jamie Edwards, the lead study author. “When holding this contraction, the local blood vessels in the surrounding area become mechanically compressed by the contracting muscles,” Edwards, a researcher and instructor at Canterbury Christ Church University in England, tells TODAY.com. “On release of this contraction — for example, when you stand up from a squatting position — there is a reactive rush of blood flow to the vessels, which causes the release of molecules that (widen) your vessels.” How to do a wall squat: The wall squat was the most effective individual exercise in the isometric category, Edwards and his colleagues found. It’s simple, but incredibly intense. Stephanie Mansour, a certified personal trainer, instructs people to lean against a wall with feet hip-width apart and slide down into a squat. Feet should be far enough from the wall so that the knee joints can form a 90-degree angle, with thighs parallel to the floor. Edwards suggested doing four wall squats lasting 2 minutes each, separated by rest intervals of 1 to 4 minutes. This should be done three times per week. Keep breathing normally throughout an isometric contraction, he advises. It’s likely that repeating this pattern over several weeks results in sustained reductions in blood pressure, Edwards notes. Cardiologist’s take Dr. Luke Laffin, co-director of the Center for Blood Pressure Disorders at the Cleveland Clinic, says there’s no question people need to exercise to manage their blood pressure. But the ultimate goal is to reduce the risk for strokes and heart attacks, and study after study has shown aerobic physical activity — like walking, cycling or running — is better than isometric exercise when it comes to lowering cardiovascular risk, he notes. “Aerobic exercise training should be promoted above all else,” Laffin tells TODAY.com. He recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity per week, split most any way people want. Studies show “weekend warriors” who squeeze all their exercise into two days get similar health benefits as people who do more frequent shorter workouts. Moderate intensity activity means you can carry on a conversation while you’re doing it, Laffin says. Different types of exercise can offer different benefits, so a combination of cardio, resistance training and high-intensity interval training can be best, with isometric exercise considered complimentary to those workouts, both Laffin and Edwards say. Who should avoid isometric exercise? People with aortic aneurysms or history of aortic dissection should avoid it, Laffin says. Women make up most cases of spontaneous coronary artery dissection — a tear or a bleed within the layers of a heart artery wall. Isometric exercise produces a sudden acute load on the aorta, which can lead to further damage, Laffin warns. How long does it take to lower blood pressure with exercise? Exercise has been associated with “immediate significant reductions” in systolic blood pressure (the upper number of the reading), which can last for almost 24 hours, studies have found. This is known as post-exercise hypotension. The body releases nitric oxide, which causes blood vessels to open wider for improved blood flow, Laffin says. A sustained change would take about three months of regular exercise, Bethany Barone Gibbs, a vascular researcher who studies the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease, previously told TODAY.com.

Jul 01

Lack of sleep can increase cardiovascular disease risk, finds study

We all have the habit of not sleeping well during the weekdays due to work, study, or any other purpose. We try to adjust to this lack of sleep during the weekends, which now has been proven to be insufficient to bring our normal sleep cycle back. When our sleep is restricted to 5 hours per day during the week, it leads to declining cardiovascular health including deteriorating heart rate or blood sugar, according to a recent research published by Penn State.The research published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, states that only 65% of the Americans stick to the 7 hour sleep cycle.This deprivation of sleep increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The co-author of the research Anne Marie Chang, an associate professor of bio-behavioral health, reveals a potential mechanism for this longitudinal relationship, whereby sufficient repeated shocks to your Cardiovascular health, while younger, could increase your risk ofcardiovascular disease in the future. 15 healthy men between the ages of 20 to 35 participated in the study. The participants were allowed to sleep for 10 hours per night for the first 3 nights; 5 hours for the next 5 nights and for the rest 2 nights they were allowed to recover the sleep with a 10 hour sleep night. During the period of assessment, researchers assessed the resting heart rates of the participants every 2 hours to look upon the impact of the sleep cycle on cardiovascular disease. The heart rate and blood sugar of all the participants were monitored regularly and any slightest change in the cardiovascular health was noted. This means that even if the heart rate would have been naturally slow in the morning but after 2 hours the change would come into notice. An increase in the heart rate of nearly one beat per minute (BPM) each day of the study was found. The average baseline heart rate was 69 BPM, while the average heart rate by the end of the study on the second day of recovery was nearly 78 BPM, the researchers found.Roughly 1 in 3 adults report not getting adequate rest on a regular basis. It’s estimated that about 50-70 million Americans have chronic or ongoing sleep disorders, the American Heart Association has said in a recent report. It highlights the unhealthy sleep pattern which is daytime sleepiness and says that, “excessive daytime sleepiness, which is a symptom of many sleep disorders, including hypersomnia, can lead to a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.” Poor sleep habit can trigger heart disease risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Jul 01

Heart drug combining 3 medications in one is added to World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines

A heart drug that combines three medications in one pill — otherwise known as a polypill — has been included in the List of Essential Medicines from the World Health Organization (WHO). The unique polypill is designed for those who have had a prior heart attack or other heart-related event, with the goal of preventing a repeat occurrence. It took 15 years of intense study and several versions to create it. The List of Essential Medications are those that meet the population’s “priority health care needs” and can save lives, improve health and decrease suffering, according to the WHO’s website. COMBO ‘POLYPILL’ CUTS HEART DISEASE DEATHS, NEW STUDY FINDS “This cardiovascular polypill could become an integral part of global strategies to prevent cardiovascular events in patients who have suffered a heart attack and who are currently already being treated with separate mono-components,” said Valentin Fuster, M.D., PhD, president of Mount Sinai Heart and physician-in-chief of The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, in a news release. “This approach has the potential to reduce the risk of recurrent disease and cardiovascular death,” he added. A heart drug that combines three medications in one pill, known as a polypill, has been included in the List of Essential Medicines from the World Health Organization (WHO). Experts say it “has the potential to reduce the risk of recurrent disease and cardiovascular death.” (iStock) WHO selects the essential drugs based on the relevance to public health, prevalence of disease, evidence of clinical efficacy and safety, and comparative costs and cost-effectiveness, according to the global health organization’s website. LEAD AND OTHER METAL CONTAMINANTS INCREASE HEART DISEASE RISK, AHA WARNS: ‘WE NEED TO DO BETTER’ “This really, I think, is a change in medicine,” Fuster, who is also general director of the Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), which spearheaded the research, told Fox News Digital in an interview. “The inclusion of this therapeutic solution in the WHO’s List of Essential Medicines confirms our aim to make a positive impact in society and is an important step in our mission to bring significant and differential value to people with cardiovascular disease,” Oscar Pérez, chief marketing and business development officer at Ferrer, a Spain-based pharmaceutical company involved in the polypill research, said in a news release. The World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines consists of medications that meet the population’s “priority health care needs” and can save lives, improve health and decrease suffering. (REUTERS/Denis Balibouse/File Photo) The polypill contains three medications that are typically used to treat patients after they suffer their first heart attack, as Fox News Digital previously reported. Researchers found it to be effective in preventing secondary adverse cardiovascular events in those who have previously had a cardiac event, according to the SECURE trial led by Fuster that was published in The New England Journal of Medicine in August 2022. The polypill also reduced cardiovascular mortality by 33% among patients who had previous heart attacks, the study found. HEART ATTACK DEATH RISK CAN DOUBLE DURING HEAT WAVES AND HIGH POLLUTION, STUDY FINDS: ‘A PERFECT STORM’ “The SECURE results showed for the first time that the cardiovascular polypill that we helped develop led to clinically relevant reductions in recurrent cardiovascular events in patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction,” Fuster said in the release. The three drugs contained in the polypill include acetylsalicylic acid, which helps thin the blood to prevent blood clots; ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure; and a cholesterol-lowering drug called atorvastatin, according to Fuster. Each year in the United States, 805,000 people suffer a heart attack. Among those individuals, 200,000 previously had a cardiac event. (iStock) A patient is less likely to take the three separate pills on a daily basis, Fuster said, which increases the risk for another cardiovascular event. The polypill helps patients remain compliant with taking the prescribed medications because it is only one pill. The polypill “has proven its value, because increased adherence means that patients … have a lower risk of cardiovascular events.” Fuster’s research team found that the polypill was also just as effective as the separate pill regimen commonly given to patients after a heart attack. “Adherence to treatment after an acute myocardial infarction is essential for effective secondary prevention,” he told Fox News Digital. AI HEART SCAN AIMS TO CATCH BLOCKAGES YEARS BEFORE SYMPTOMS: ‘UNBELIEVABLE BREAKTHROUGH’ “This cardiovascular polypill, as a strategy that combines three of the baseline treatments for these patients, has proven its value, because increased adherence means that patients are being treated for longer and, as a result, have a lower risk of cardiovascular events,” Fuster noted in the release. It took 15 years of intense study and several versions to develop this polypill, Fuster told Fox News Digital. This unique polypill is designed for those who have already had a prior heart attack or other heart-related event, with the goal of preventing a repeat occurrence. (iStock) It is sold under the brand names Trinomia, Sincronium and Iltria, depending on the country. “The 3% reduction in cardiovascular mortality demonstrates the efficacy of treatment with Trinomia compared to standard treatment,” Ferrer’s Perez said in the report. CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR OUR HEALTH NEWSLETTER The polypill is commercially available right now in 25 countries, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not yet cleared it for use in the U.S. “Since our groundbreaking study was published, we have seen an increase in polypill usage across the world, and we are looking forward to having this medicine available in the United States and the rest of the countries where it is not available yet,” Fuster said. CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP Each year in the United States, 805,000 people suffer a heart attack. Among those individuals, 200,000 previously had a cardiac event, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). <!–> Amy McGorry is a contributing health writer for Fox News Digital. Follow her on Twitter @amymcgorry. –>

Jul 01

Simple oral rinse may signal early cardiovascular disease, finds study

Image Source : FREEPIK A new study has found that a simple oral rinse may signal early cardiovascular disease. Scientists believe they have found a way to identify the earliest warning signs of cardiovascular disease from a simple saliva sample. Periodontitis is a common infection of the gums which has previously been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease: scientists suspect that inflammatory factors may enter the bloodstream through the gums and damage the vascular system. The team from Mount Royal University in Canada used a simple oral rinse to see if levels of white blood cells — an indicator of gum inflammation — in the saliva of healthy adults could be linked to warning signs for cardiovascular disease. They found that high levels correlated with compromised flow-mediated dilation, an early indicator of poor arterial health. “Even in young healthy adults, low levels of oral inflammatory load may have an impact on cardiovascular health — one of the leading causes of death in North America,” said Trevor King of Mount Royal University. In the study, published in Frontiers in Oral Health, the team examined currently healthy young people without diagnosed periodontal issues to determine whether lower levels of oral inflammation can be clinically relevant to cardiovascular health. “We are starting to see more relationships between oral health and risk of cardiovascular disease,” said Ker-Yung Hong, first author of the study, now studying dentistry at the University of Western Ontario. “If we are seeing that oral health may have an impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease even in young healthy individuals, this holistic approach can be implemented earlier on.” The team chose pulse-wave velocity, which can measure the stiffness of arteries, and flow-mediated dilation, a measure of how well arteries can dilate to allow for higher blood flow, as key indicators of cardiovascular risk. These measure arterial health directly: stiff and poorly functioning arteries raise patients’ risk of cardiovascular disease. The scientists recruited 28 non-smokers between 18 and 30, with no comorbidities or medications that could affect cardiovascular risk and no reported history of periodontal disease. They were asked to fast for six hours, except for drinking water, prior to visiting the lab. At the lab, participants rinsed their mouths with water before rinsing their mouths with saline which was collected for analysis. Participants then lay down for 10 minutes for an electrocardiogram and stayed lying down for another 10 minutes so that the scientists could take their blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation, and pulse-wave velocity. The scientists found that high white blood cells in saliva had a significant relationship to poor flow-mediated dilation, suggesting these people may be at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there was no relationship between white blood cells and pulse wave velocity, so longer-term impacts on the health of the arteries had not yet taken place. In the pilot study, the scientists hypothesised that inflammation from the mouth, leaking into the vascular system, impacts the ability of arteries to produce the nitric oxide that allows them to respond to changes in blood flow. Higher levels of white blood cells could have a greater impact on vascular dysfunction; the levels found in the participants are usually not considered clinically significant. Latest Health News

Jul 01

How Is Asthma Treated?

Asthma is a chronic lung condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms ranging from mild to severe, such as difficulty breathing and tightness in the chest. While asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed through various treatment options. These treatments aim to prevent and alleviate symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, and maintain optimal lung function. Inhaled medications, including corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, are commonly used to control asthma symptoms. Lifestyle modifications, such as identifying and avoiding triggers that can exacerbate asthma, also play a crucial role in managing the condition. The management of asthma may involve a collaborative approach, with healthcare professionals such as primary care physicians, allergists, and pulmonologists overseeing your care. They will work together to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific needs, considering factors such as your symptoms, medical history, and individual circumstances. Regular monitoring, adjustments to medication dosages as needed, and ongoing communication with your healthcare team are important aspects of managing asthma effectively. Medications Medications play a vital role in the treatment of asthma by reducing inflammation, relaxing the airways, and managing symptoms. There are four main categories of asthma medications: quick-relief medications, long-term control medications, combination quick-relief and controller medications, and biologics. Asthma medications can be taken through different methods. Inhalers, also known as puffers, deliver medication directly into the lungs as a spray mist. Nebulizers, on the other hand, convert liquid medication into a mist that is inhaled through a mask or mouthpiece. Injections or infusions are used for administering biologics, while oral medications are taken by mouth in the form of capsules, pills, or liquids. Quick Relief Medicines Quick-relief medications, also known as rescue or short-acting medications, provide immediate relief of asthma symptoms during an asthma attack. They are particularly useful for individuals with mild asthma or exercise-induced asthma. These medications work by relaxing the muscles surrounding the airways, helping to open them up and alleviate symptoms. It is recommended to carry a quick-relief inhaler at all times in case of an asthma attack. Common quick-relief medications for asthma include: 1. Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs): SABAs rapidly open the airways by relaxing the surrounding muscles and clearing mucus from the lungs. 2. Short-acting anticholinergics: These medications relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier. Anticholinergics may be prescribed to individuals who cannot tolerate SABAs or may be used in combination with SABAs during emergencies. 3. Oral corticosteroids: These medications are taken by mouth in the form of capsules or liquid for a short period to reduce airway inflammation and swelling when symptoms persist for several days and other medications do not provide sufficient relief. Long-term Control Medicines Long-term control medications, also known as maintenance medications, are taken regularly to prevent and manage asthma symptoms over the long term. These medications are used even when asthma symptoms are not present, as they help reduce inflammation and keep the airways open. By doing so, they reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks and improve lung function. Common long-term control medications for asthma include: Combination Quick-Relief and Control Medicines Quick-relief, controller, and combination medications combine a bronchodilator and a long-acting drug in a single inhaler to provide rapid relief and sustained control, respectively. Asthma sufferers with moderate to severe cases are often administered combination inhalers for both short- and long-term symptom alleviation and inflammation management. Current clinical recommendations for the treatment of asthma encourage the use of combination drugs; however, the FDA has not yet authorized such medicines for this purpose. Biologics Biologic medications are used to treat severe asthma that does not respond well to standard treatments. These medications target specific cells and antibodies in the body that are involved in triggering inflammation in response to asthma triggers. By targeting these specific pathways, biologics help to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks and the severity of symptoms. Biologic medications are typically administered through injections or intravenous (IV) infusions, and they are usually given in a doctor’s office every few weeks. There are several biologic drugs available for the treatment of asthma: To determine the most effective biologic for your condition, your healthcare provider may order blood tests or conduct other assessments to evaluate your specific needs and response to treatment. It’s important to work closely with your healthcare provider to find the most appropriate biologic medication and to monitor your asthma symptoms and overall response to the treatment. Bronchial Thermoplasty Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a medical procedure that may be recommended for individuals with severe, uncontrolled asthma. Over time, the muscle tissue lining the airways can thicken in severe asthma cases, leading to narrowed airways and worsening symptoms. During a BT procedure, a thin bronchoscope tube is inserted through the mouth and into the airways. Once the tube is properly positioned, a small, heated electrode is used to apply heat to the smooth muscle tissue in the airways, effectively removing excess tissue. Typically, BT is performed in three separate sessions, with each session targeting a different area of the lungs. The goal of BT is to open the airways, reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, and alleviate other related symptoms. Immunotherapy Immunotherapy is a treatment approach that involves controlled exposure to allergens that trigger asthma symptoms, specifically in individuals with allergic asthma. Before starting immunotherapy, allergy testing is conducted to identify the specific allergens that provoke your symptoms and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Immunotherapy typically consists of a series of injections or sublingual tablets containing gradually increasing doses of the allergens. The purpose is to build tolerance and desensitize the immune system to these allergens, thereby reducing allergic reactions. The duration of immunotherapy varies based on individual response, but it can span several years until allergy symptoms are minimized or eliminated. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Some CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) treatments have shown promise in symptom management. While complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies cannot replace conventional medical

Jul 01

What Is Exercise-Induced Asthma—And How Do You Know if You Have It?

Feeling out of breath when exercising is a common occurrence and typically a good indicator of how hard you’re working. That’s because it may mean you’re making the effort necessary to keep or enhance your fitness level. However, it’s not always a good sign if your workout leaves you gasping for air. Why? Possible symptoms of exercise-induced asthma, which is easily diagnosed and treated but can be life-threatening if left unchecked. So, how can you distinguish between the typical breathlessness of an exercise and anything more concerning? This is the information you require. What is Exercise-Induced Asthma? Exercise-induced asthma, also known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), occurs when physical activity triggers the narrowing or spasming of the muscles around the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. EIB is relatively common, affecting approximately 5 to 20% of individuals. It is often seen in people who already have chronic asthma triggered by other factors such as allergies, pollution, or respiratory infections. However, about 20% of individuals with EIB do not have chronic asthma and only experience asthma symptoms during exercise, according to Dr. Purvi S. Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at NYU Langone Health. Although EIB may sound concerning, it is a highly manageable condition. With proper treatment and care, EIB is unlikely to significantly affect your exercise routine. In fact, many elite athletes, including Olympians, have successfully managed their EIB and continue to excel in their sports, as noted by Dr. Parikh. Symptoms of Exercise-Induced Asthma During or after your workout, symptoms of exercise-induced asthma (EIB) may arise. While these symptoms may initially resemble the normal response to exercise, there are important distinctions to be aware of. Recognizing these differences is crucial in order to halt your workout if you suspect an asthma attack. Dr. Parikh emphasizes the danger of continuing to exercise with compromised breathing. Uncontrolled exercise-induced asthma, as well as any form of asthma, can be life-threatening. Dr. Parikh advises individuals experiencing the following symptoms to immediately cease exercising and promptly consult their doctor for an EIB diagnosis. It is particularly important to seek evaluation since other serious conditions, including heart problems, can mimic EIB. Symptoms of EIB include: 1. Difficulty breathing: This goes beyond mild breathlessness associated with exercise. It can feel as if you are trying to breathe through a straw and may persist even after you’ve finished exercising. 2. Coughing: Occasional coughing is typically harmless, but excessive coughing during or after your workout may indicate EIB. 3. Chest tightness and pain: More intense than the usual exercise-induced chest tightness, this sensation involves a squeezing feeling in the chest, ribs, and possibly back. It may persist after you’ve stopped exercising. 4. Wheezing: Characterized by a whistling or rumbling sound during breathing. 5. Dizziness: This is a more severe symptom of EIB and occurs when the airway is significantly constricted, leading to inadequate oxygen intake. What Are the Causes or Risk Factors Individuals with chronic asthma and allergies are at a higher risk of developing exercise-induced asthma (EIB), although the exact reasons why some people develop EIB while others do not remain unclear. Genetic factors may contribute to its occurrence, according to Dr. Parikh. Various factors can trigger EIB in those who have the condition. While any form of exercise can potentially induce EIB, activities that are more cardio-focused and intense, such as running, HIIT workouts, swimming, and heavy weightlifting, are more likely to elicit symptoms, explains Dr. Parikh. Additionally, endurance sports that involve sustained effort, like soccer and long-distance running, are more commonly associated with EIB compared to activities involving intermittent high-intensity bursts, like baseball and football, as stated by Dr. Smart. Weather conditions can also play a role in triggering EIB. Cold weather exercise, such as cross-country skiing, ice skating, or winter running, can prompt symptoms due to the irritation caused by cold, dry air, leading to the constriction of airway muscles, according to Dr. Anand. Conversely, for some individuals, exercising in hot and humid weather can trigger EIB, as mentioned by Dr. Parikh. Other triggers for EIB include pollution, allergies, and irritants like chlorine. How is Exercise-Induced Asthma Diagnosed? The process of diagnosing exercise-induced asthma (EIB) can vary depending on the individual, but typically doctors will begin by gathering information about your medical history to assess the possibility of EIB. They may then conduct a pulmonary function test, during which you blow into a tube connected to a computer that measures your lung function and detects any inflammation in the airways. The results of this test can help determine whether asthma is present, as explained by Dr. Parikh. In some cases, your doctor may also have you exercise on a treadmill and then assess your lung function afterwards to determine if there was a significant drop, which would indicate the presence of EIB, according to Dr. Smart. If your doctor suspects that allergies may be contributing to your symptoms of EIB, they may recommend allergy tests. Alternatively, if they suspect that another underlying condition, such as a heart condition, is causing symptoms similar to EIB, they may order further evaluations, as mentioned by Dr. Parikh. The diagnostic approach may vary based on individual circumstances to ensure an accurate and comprehensive evaluation. What Are the Treatment Options? As previously mentioned, exercise-induced asthma (EIB) is a manageable condition that should not hinder your ability to engage in physical activity when properly treated. Seeking medical attention is crucial if you suspect you have EIB, as it can be effectively managed with appropriate interventions. The most common treatment for EIB involves using a fast-acting asthma medication, such as albuterol, through inhalation before exercising. Albuterol helps relax the muscles surrounding the airways, preventing EIB symptoms. Taking albuterol approximately 15 minutes before a workout is typically effective in preventing EIB symptoms altogether. Some individuals, particularly those with chronic asthma, may require daily use of anti-inflammatory medications like Singulair or inhaled steroids. In certain cases, a combination of long-acting asthma medication and steroids may be necessary. Consulting with your primary

Jul 01

How To Talk About Your Anxiety and Listen When Others Talk

Anxiety has long been a prevalent issue in the United States, with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) affecting approximately seven million adults, making it the most common mental health disorder in the country, as reported by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America. However, the year 2020 brought about additional stressors and challenges, significantly impacting the anxiety levels of many individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact worldwide, swept through the US on a massive scale. Simultaneously, people were protesting systemic racism, facing environmental threats such as wildfires, and witnessing political upheaval. These events contributed to a significant increase in anxiety among Americans, with a 2020 poll conducted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) revealing that 62% of respondents felt more anxious compared to the previous year, almost double the typical percentage seen over the past three years. Alyza Berman, a licensed clinical social worker and founder of The Berman Center in Atlanta, explains that the unprecedented nature of 2020 caught many off guard, leaving people without the necessary coping skills. While the stigma surrounding mental health has not been completely erased, Berman notes that the shared experience of anxiety during this period has fostered more empathy and understanding. People are more likely to respond with support rather than skepticism when someone expresses their anxiety. However, discussing anxiety can still be challenging, given that everyone has different triggers and comfort levels regarding various activities, such as indoor dining, travel, school attendance, or wearing masks. To navigate these conversations, the following tips can be helpful: Express Your Anxiety Productively In an era where even everyday decisions carry a level of risk, it is crucial to have open conversations about anxieties with our loved ones. Not only does it provide relief for ourselves, but it also helps prevent tensions from arising and enables others to understand our emotional state. When expressing anxiety to someone, it’s important to go beyond a simple statement like “I’m nervous about seeing you” or “I’m afraid to travel,” as explained by Berman. To effectively communicate our concerns, it is helpful to explain the underlying reasons behind our anxieties. By sharing the “why” behind our emotions, we provide insights into our thought processes and help others understand our perspective. For example, we might say, “I’m nervous about seeing you because you recently traveled to a COVID-19 hotspot, and I’m concerned about potential exposure” or “I’m afraid to travel because health officials have stated that airports increase the risk of exposure to the virus.” By providing specific reasons for our anxieties, we offer context and rationale, making it easier for others to comprehend our concerns. This approach helps foster understanding, empathy, and a shared commitment to maintaining everyone’s well-being. Engaging in open and honest communication about our anxieties allows for more meaningful and productive conversations. It enables us to navigate the complexities of risk and make informed decisions collectively, ensuring the safety and emotional well-being of ourselves and those we care about. Framing Your Statements How we explain ourselves plays a vital role in effective communication. Stephanie Newman, PhD, a psychologist based in New York City, emphasizes the importance of using “I” statements when expressing our feelings. This approach frames our emotions in a way that others are more receptive to hearing. “I” statements, such as “I feel this” or “I think this,” focus on our personal experiences and perspectives rather than placing blame or criticizing others. By using “I” statements, we take ownership of our feelings and avoid triggering defensiveness or conflict in the other person. For example, saying, “I don’t want to come to Thanksgiving dinner because Dr. Fauci warned against small gatherings,” allows us to express our concerns without directly criticizing or accusing the host. This approach promotes a more open and constructive dialogue. On the other hand, using “you” statements that attribute blame or make assumptions about the other person’s intentions can escalate tensions and hinder effective communication. For instance, saying, “You’re not taking COVID-19 safety precautions seriously because you’re inviting more than 10 people over,” may come across as accusatory and defensive, potentially leading to a defensive response. By framing our explanations and concerns using “I” statements, we create a safer space for open discussion and understanding. It allows others to listen without feeling attacked or judged, fostering empathy and constructive dialogue. This approach increases the likelihood of reaching mutual understanding and finding common ground. Remember, effective communication involves expressing our thoughts and emotions in a way that promotes understanding and collaboration. Utilizing “I” statements helps achieve this goal, facilitating healthier and more productive conversations, even in sensitive or challenging situations. Respond to Judgement When faced with a judgmental or dismissive response to your anxiety, maintaining a productive conversation can be achieved by attempting to understand the other person’s perspective. Alyza Berman advises that in such situations, it is helpful to respond in a curious and non-confrontational manner. For example, if you express your discomfort about meeting up in a large group, even outdoors, and someone tells you that you’re overreacting, you can respond by saying, “I’m curious. Can you please explain why you feel that way? I don’t understand.” By approaching the conversation with genuine curiosity and a desire to comprehend their viewpoint, you can prevent it from turning into an attack or a defensive response. This approach encourages open dialogue and allows the other person to explain their thoughts without feeling attacked. It creates an opportunity for them to articulate their perspective and potentially gain insight into your concerns as well. By actively listening and seeking to understand, you create space for a more constructive and empathetic conversation. Even if you may not fully agree with their viewpoint, this approach promotes mutual respect and can lead to a deeper understanding of each other’s perspectives. Remember, the goal is not to convince or change the other person’s opinion immediately, but to foster a respectful and open exchange of ideas. By approaching the conversation with curiosity and empathy, you increase the

Jul 01

How Are a Narcissist and a Sociopath Different?

When encountering individuals who are challenging to interact with, it is common to use terms like “narcissist” and “sociopath” to describe them. However, it is important to recognize that these terms are not interchangeable and actually refer to two separate personality disorders: narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder (also known as sociopathy). Gaining a deeper understanding of these serious conditions and the distinctions between them can enhance our comprehension of individuals with personality disorders and their unique challenges. Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is diagnosed when an individual exhibits pathological personality traits that can significantly impact their functioning in relationships, work, and society. The distinguishing factor is that these traits are extreme and pervasive, causing disruption in various aspects of their life. Common personality traits associated with NPD include self-centeredness, a belief in being superior or special, entitlement, a strong need for admiration and attention, envy towards others or a belief that others envy them, a poor reaction to criticism, and a tendency to play the victim. It is important to note that individuals with NPD have more than just typical narcissistic traits, as their condition significantly affects their daily life and relationships. The effects of NPD can be observed in various ways. For instance, individuals with NPD may rely heavily on the approval of others when setting goals for themselves. The lack of approval or validation can hinder their progress in work or school, potentially leading to negative outcomes such as job loss or academic setbacks. Additionally, individuals with NPD may experience intense mood swings and struggle with empathy, which can result in superficial relationships or the deterioration of existing ones. Certain risk factors have been identified for the development of NPD, including genetic predisposition and experiences of childhood trauma such as neglect or abuse, as well as excessive praise during childhood. Sociopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) Individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), commonly referred to as “sociopaths,” exhibit behaviors characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for others’ rights. As outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), individuals with ASPD may display traits such as manipulativeness, deceitfulness, aggression, callousness, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. These personality traits can significantly impact self-treatment, interpersonal relationships, and social functioning. People with ASPD tend to prioritize their own desires over the well-being of others, struggle to form and maintain close relationships, exhibit intimidating or abusive behavior, and may face difficulties in employment. Individuals with ASPD are more prone to engaging in criminal behaviors, including violent crimes and financial fraud. They also have a higher likelihood of developing a substance use disorder. It is worth noting that a significant portion of the prison population, approximately 40%, is diagnosed with ASPD, whereas the prevalence in the general population is around 4%. ASPD typically emerges during childhood, and several risk factors have been identified for its development. These include genetic predisposition, having a parent with ASPD or a substance use disorder, displaying excessive aggression or conduct disorders during childhood, exhibiting symptoms of ADHD, engaging in cruelty towards animals during childhood, and experiencing a history of physical or sexual abuse. Narcissism vs. Sociopathy Differences NPD and ASPD are two different personality disorders. People with each disorder have distinct differences in behaviors and motivations. Interacting With Others In individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), there is a tendency towards self-centeredness and a strong desire for attention and admiration from others. They often exhibit selfish and vain behaviors, seeking constant validation and praise to maintain their inflated sense of self-importance. The lack of attention or praise can lead to a sudden shift in their mood, resulting in unpleasant, rude, or cold behavior towards others. In contrast, individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) typically display a lack of concern for what others think of them, except in situations where they seek revenge or manipulation. They are dismissive of the concerns or feelings of others and do not depend on external approval or validation. Their primary focus is on their own needs and desires, with little regard for the opinions or approval of others. These distinctions highlight the different motivational factors and behavioral tendencies between NPD and ASPD. NPD revolves around maintaining a grandiose self-image and seeking continuous admiration, while ASPD is characterized by a disregard for others and a focus on personal goals without seeking external validation. Understanding Social Norms and Laws Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) indeed demonstrate a lack of respect for laws, social norms, and commitments to others. They often prioritize their own desires and needs above societal rules and regulations. Their behavior is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a tendency to engage in impulsive and irresponsible actions without consideration for the consequences or societal expectations. On the other hand, individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) are more likely to conform to laws and social norms, at least superficially. They may be more conscious of their public image and may be inclined to maintain a favorable reputation. While they may display selfish and self-centered behaviors, they are generally less prone to engaging in antisocial behaviors, aggression, and deceitfulness towards others. Lacking Empathy Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) indeed share a lack of empathy and may engage in behaviors that harm others. However, the underlying motivations and reasoning behind these behaviors differ between the two disorders. In the case of NPD, individuals may hurt and exploit others primarily due to their self-obsession and self-centeredness. Their actions stem from a constant preoccupation with themselves, seeking personal gain, admiration, and maintaining a positive image. They may disregard the feelings and well-being of others because their focus is primarily on their own needs and desires. Their behavior revolves around their reputation and self-aggrandizement. On the other hand, individuals with ASPD may deliberately harm others driven by impulsiveness, boredom, or a desire for revenge. Their actions are often impulsive and driven by personal gratification, without considering

Jul 01

11 Signs of Borderline Personality Disorder

There are a total of 10 distinct personality disorders, including OCPD, paranoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. Personality disorders are characterized by pervasive and destructive patterns of behavior throughout time.And among these, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often the most misunderstood. The term “borderline” suggests that Borderline Personality disease is not a serious issue, which only adds to the uncertainty around the disease. At first, specialists thought BPD was a spectrum condition that ranged from neurosis to psychosis. John Oldham, MD, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, noted that at the time it was not considered to be a separate condition. Until the publication of the DSM-III in 1980, borderline personality disorder (BPD) was not recognized as a distinct mental illness. However, the term “borderline” has remained. Since then, our knowledge and understanding of this complicated disease has expanded. Evidence suggests it may be “partly inherited genetically and partly a function of stressful experiences during growth and development that leads to some pretty significant interference in successful functioning,” as Dr. Oldham put it, but scientists aren’t certain of the root reason. Licensed clinical social worker and founding fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy Wendy Behary in New Jersey verified many of her patients with BPD had experienced loss, trauma, or abandonment in childhood. However, as Dr. Oldham pointed out, just because you come from a dysfunctional family or had a rough background doesn’t imply you’re doomed to BPD. Simply put, you have that potential danger in your life. Telltale Signs of Borderline Personality Disorder About 1.6% of American people suffer from BPD. Behary argued that, while the number may appear low, it does not adequately reflect the whole BPD population. Because many of the symptoms of BPD coincide with those of other mental diseases including depression, bipolar disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder, a correct diagnosis of BPD is not always easy to come by. And there is a spectrum along which the boundary occurs. “At one end there is a very low-functioning individual, who can barely manage day-to-day life, and at the other there is someone who is very high functioning,” Behary added. It’s possible for people to live their entire lives with the stigma associated with mental health issues and never seek help. If you or someone you know exhibits these symptoms, it’s time to consult the DSM-5-TR, the current diagnostic model for borderline personality disorder. 1. Self-Esteem Shifts Those who suffer from borderline personality disorder frequently struggle with crippling self-doubt, which manifests itself as an inability to trust one’s own judgment. Dr. Oldham explained that people like this have so low self-esteem that they need a lot of attention from others to feel like they belong. A feeling of inadequacy and incompleteness lies behind that, Dr. Oldham said. People with BPD may even mimic the activities of those around them since “their ability to be independent and autonomous is very impaired.” 2. Trouble Empathizing “There’s a real impairment in being able to see yourself from the outside and see others from the inside,” Dr. Oldham said of the effects of this on interpersonal skills. To rephrase, those with BPD struggle more with both self-awareness and empathy. Dr. Oldham elaborated, “There is a lack of understanding about how your own behavior impacts people, so when your emotions are out of control, it doesn’t register that this causes stress to others.” This blind spot is one reason why people with borderline have so many problems keeping relationships together. 3. Chaotic Relationships According to Behary, people with borderline personality disorder are disproportionately represented in abusive relationships. People with unmet needs from their upbringing typically remain in unhealthy relationships because they seek a partner who they believe can fulfill those needs. Dr. Oldham noted that those who suffer from BPD are more likely to be overly needy, passionate, and distrustful in romantic relationships. It’s a self-fulfilling prophesy when “you drive the other person away because of your heightened anxiety that you’ll lose the person who is close to you.” Conflict is not limited to romantic partnerships. Friends and family members of people with BPD may go from being extremely close to being extremely distant. People with BPD who are otherwise highly functioning typically become aware of their condition during interpersonal interactions. 4. Avoiding Thinking About the Future You don’t have to have every detail of your life planned out, but chances are good that you do have certain goals and objectives in mind. Individuals with BPD generally have no sense of personal motivation. Dr. Oldham observed that few people “have a clear idea of what they want from life or what they want to work toward.” 5. Overwhelming Anxiety The anxiety experienced by persons with BPD is unlike the occasional anxiousness or tension felt by the rest of us. Dr. Oldham said that a common trigger for these feelings is an overreaction to the conduct of others. Having borderline personality disorder is characterized by an incapacitating urge to always feel valued and accepted. People with borderline may have explosive, inappropriate outbursts of emotion as a result of their chronically elevated levels of anxiety. 6. Constant Fear of Abandonment BPD symptoms include an intense aversion to loneliness, rejection, and abandonment. According to David Mattila, a certified clinical social worker and cognitive and schema therapist in New York City, fears generate unreasonable emotions and jealous, paranoid behaviors, such as monitoring a partner’s email for signals they could bail. According to Mattila, “This insecurity can even lead to more extreme and manipulative behaviors,” such as telling a spouse, “If you don’t call me when you say you will, I’m going to kill myself.” Everything boils down for someone with borderline personality disorder to a single goal: never being abandoned. 7. Frequent Mood Swings Because mood swings are a common characteristic of BPD, the condition is sometimes misdiagnosed as bipolar. Dr. Oldham said that this is not the same “persistent mood state”