Nashville hospital patient flings blood, kicks nurse amid racist tirade, police say

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) – A Nashville hospital patient was arrested Friday after police said he kicked a nurse in the face and flung blood toward staff while shouting racial slurs. Metro officers were dispatched to TriStar Summit Medical Center in response to a patient fighting with staff. Responding officers found the patient, 45-year-old Gregory Pollock, restrained to a bed. Hospital staff and security told police Pollock had been kicking and directing racial slurs toward the staff. He kicked one nurse in the face, police said. Staff also alleged Pollock took out his IV and began to “fling” blood toward hospital staff and security, according to the report. Pollock smelled like alcohol, police said, and was uneasy on his feet. He was transported to Metro jail and charged with assaulting a nurse. Copyright 2023 WSMV. All rights reserved.

Division of labor found to affect the risk of infection in clonal ant colonies

Ooceraea biroi. Credit: Daniel Kronauer, The Rockefeller University In a new study in Nature Communications, an international research team including scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology reports that, given the same genetic makeup, individual behavior alone determines whether or not an individual in a social group will contract a disease. Clonal raider ants of the species Ooceraea biroi that forage outside the nest are more likely to be infected by parasitic nematodes than conspecifics in the nest. The research team also observed that diseases in the colony altered the behavior of all ants: sick and healthy ants alike remained in the nest and the division of labor was reduced, affecting the overall social organization in the ant colony. The social role determines the risk of infection The COVID-19 pandemic made it quite obvious that not all people were equally at risk of catching the new virus. The elderly, the sick, and people with health problems needed special protection because the risk of contracting a life-threatening illness or dying from the virus was greatly increased. Apart from this, the risks of contracting the virus were also unequally distributed due to our occupational activities. By no means was everyone able to protect themselves from contact with infected persons by working at home. So-called “system-relevant” occupations were often those in which there were particularly large numbers of encounters with potential virus carriers: jobs in nursing and the medical sector, in child care and teaching, and providing the everyday necessities. “Division of labor, the fact that different members of a social group perform different tasks, has long been thought to result in different disease exposure. A frequent assumption is that the division of labor can lead to an unequal exposure of group members to pathogens or parasites,” explains study leader Yuko Ulrich of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. She heads the Lise Meitner Group Social Behavior. However, it is not easy to test this assumption experimentally, as other factors, such as diet, age and personal susceptibility, often also play a role. In her postdoctoral work in Daniel Kronauer’s group at The Rockefeller University, Yuko Ulrich was involved in establishing the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi as a model for studies of the effects of individual behavior on social organization. Workers of this species have no queen and reproduce asexually via unfertilized eggs that develop into genetically near-identical individuals. As a consequence, all members of the ant colony are genetically identical and researchers can observe colonies of the same age under exactly the same conditions—the ideal model system to test the assumption. Automated tracking. Credit: Yuko Ulrich, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Parasitic nematodes are more likely to infect foraging ants The cause of disease in the focus of the current study are parasitic nematodes. They infect a particular gland on the ants’ heads. The behavioral studies were conducted using automated behavioral tracking, which allows computerized analysis of the behavior of each individual ant in a colony using videos. This tracking of individuals is done simultaneously in many ant colonies. This sophisticated system generates far more data than human observations and manual evaluations would create. “We observed that individual behavior alone affects their risk of infection. For example, ants that spend more time outside the nest foraging are more likely to become infected than individuals that have the same genotype and age but spend more time inside the nest,” first author Zimai Li summarizes key findings from the behavioral assays. As the research team found out, infection with the parasites significantly reduces the survival rate of the ants. Genetic analyses showed that infected ants exhibited altered gene expression patterns. In addition, the scientists used gas chromatography analyses and found that the odor profile of infected ants had changed. The ants’ cuticle is covered by a waxy layer of various hydrocarbons. “Our chemical analysis showed that infections altered the relative abundance of all cuticular hydrocarbon classes on the cuticle of clonal raider ants: both n-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes had lower relative abundance in infected individuals. These substances are thought to be associated with desiccation resistance and communication among ants,” says Zimai Li. Infections in the colony change the behavior of all ants, even healthy ones The behavioral observations also revealed a quite surprising result: the division of labor within the colony not only affects the risk of infection of individual ants, but an infection also controls the behavior of the ants. Not only did infected animals spend more time in the nest, but also their healthy nestmates did. “We were surprised to find that the presence of infection reduced activity outside the nest in not only the direct host but also the uninfected nestmates. Since the nestmates are not infected, we did not expect that their behavior would also change; their behavioral changes were not directly induced by infection. This observation raises new questions that we need to investigate further. We would like to find out whether ants recognize the infection status of their nestmates and whether this induces some kind of care-taking behavior expressed by the healthy ants staying close to the sick ones,” says Zimai Li. Another explanation would be that the parasites cause these behavioral changes in order to be able to reproduce further. This is because parasite infection causes healthy and sick ants to come together more frequently in the nest, which should increase the likelihood of transmission. The altered odor profile of infected ants, which the researchers identified, may also play a role. “This study has raised many questions that we hope to answer in follow-up studies. For example, we want to know why the nematodes infect this one gland in the ants’ heads. We are also interested in how the ants’ chemical communication changes when some individuals are infected. And finally, we want to find out whether the changes in the ants’ behavior benefit their own colony or the parasites,” says Yuko Ulrich. More information: Zimai Li et al, Behavioural individuality determines infection

COVID-19 virus is evolving rapidly in white-tailed deer, new research finds

Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain White-tailed deer across Ohio have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, new research has found—and the results also show that viral variants evolve about three times faster in deer than in humans. Scientists collected 1,522 nasal swabs from free-ranging deer in 83 of the state’s 88 counties between November 2021 and March 2022. More than 10% of the samples were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and at least one positive case was found in 59% of the counties in which testing took place. Genomic analysis showed that at least 30 infections in deer had been introduced by humans—a figure that surprised the research team. “We generally talk about interspecies transmission as a rare event, but this wasn’t a huge sampling, and we’re able to document 30 spillovers. It seems to be moving between people and animals quite easily,” said Andrew Bowman, associate professor of veterinary preventive medicine at The Ohio State University and co-senior author of the study. “And the evidence is growing that humans can get it from deer—which isn’t radically surprising. It’s probably not a one-way pipeline.” The combined findings suggest that the white-tailed deer species is a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 that enables continuing mutation, and that the virus’s circulation in deer could lead to its spread to other wildlife and livestock. The study is published in Nature Communications. Bowman and colleagues previously reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in white-tailed deer in nine Ohio locations in December 2021, and are continuing to monitor deer for infection by more recent variants. “We expanded across Ohio to see if this was a localized problem—and we find it in lots of places, so it’s not just a localized event,” Bowman said. “Some of the thought back then was that maybe it’s just in urban deer because they’re in closer contact with people. But in rural parts of the state, we’re finding plenty of positive deer.” Beyond the detection of active infections, researchers also found through blood samples containing antibodies—indicating previous exposure to the virus—that an estimated 23.5% of deer in Ohio had been infected at one time or another. The 80 whole-genome sequences obtained from the collected samples were represented groups of viral variants: the highly contagious delta variant, the predominant human strain in the United States in the early fall of 2021 that accounted for almost 90% of the sequences, and alpha, the first named variant of concern that had circulated in humans in the spring of 2021. The analysis revealed that the genetic composition of delta variants in deer matched dominant lineages found in humans at the time, pointing to the spillover events, and that deer-to-deer transmission followed in clusters, some spanning multiple counties. “There’s probably a timing component to what we found—we were near the end of a delta peak in humans, and then we see a lot of delta in deer,” Bowman said. “But we were well past the last alpha detection in humans. So the idea that deer are holding onto lineages that have since gone extinct in humans is something we were worried about.” The study did suggest that COVID-19 vaccination is likely to help protect people against severe disease in the event of a spillover back to humans. An analysis of the effects of deer variants on Siberian hamsters, an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 studies, showed that vaccinated hamsters did not get as sick from infection as unvaccinated animals. That said, the variants circulating in deer are expected to continue to change. An investigation of the mutations found in the samples provided evidence of more rapid evolution of both alpha and delta variants in deer compared to humans. “Not only are deer getting infected with and maintaining SARS-CoV-2, but the rate of change is accelerated in deer—potentially away from what has infected humans,” Bowman said. How the virus is transmitted from humans to white-tailed deer remains a mystery. And so far, even with about 30 million free-ranging deer in the U.S., no substantial outbreaks of deer-origin strains have occurred in humans. Circulation among animals, however, remains highly likely. Bowman noted that about 70% of free-ranging deer in Ohio have not been infected or exposed to the virus, “so that’s a large body of naive animals that the virus could spread through rather uninhibited.” “Having that animal host in play creates things we need to watch out for,” he said. “If this trajectory continues for years and we have a virus that becomes deer-adapted, then does that become the pathway into other animal hosts, wildlife or domestic? We just don’t know.” Martha Nelson of the National Library of Medicine was co-corresponding author of the study. Ohio State co-authors Dillon McBride, Steven Overend, Devra Huey, Amanda Williams, Seth Faith and Jacqueline Nolting worked on the study with co-authors from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; the University of California, Los Angeles; the National Research Center in Giza, Egypt; PathAI Diagnostics; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources; the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Columbus and Franklin County Metroparks; and the Rega Institute for Medical Research in Belgium. More information: Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40706-y Provided by The Ohio State University Citation: COVID-19 virus is evolving rapidly in white-tailed deer, new research finds (2023, August 28) retrieved 29 August 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-08-covid-virus-evolving-rapidly-white-tailed.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Sonoma County Tough Mudder Event — Where Some Claimed to Smell ‘Cow Manure’ on Field

A Tough Mudder competition in California’s Sonoma County may have sickened hundreds, according to an updated report on the event, where participants claimed they smelled cow manure on the muddy, wet field. “There was a few times during the race where I could smell cow manure,” Nicole Villagran, who developed a rash after participating in the event, told ABC News. “You wake up the next day and you’re like, ‘What is all this on my arm? Like, what is going on here?’ And it’s on both arms. That’s where I was digging and doing army crawls and it’s on the inside of my knees where I was pushing off of as well,” said Villagran. A Tough Mudder race is a collaborative obstacle course challenge, where participants attempt Boot Camp-style hurdles in mud and muddy water. TikToker Lindsay Sirmon, who participated in the Tough Mudder challenge, shared a video of rash-covered knees, writing, “Had a blast at Tough Mudder Sonoma but…..little did we know that chills, fever, body aches (headache) and infection would follow.” “We hosed off, changed clothes then showered well after,” Sirmon wrote in the TikTok caption. “After drs. visits, we are on antibiotics and topicals.” But as Sirmon pointed out, “I mean, it is in the mud, I get that.” ABC News reports that now at least 350 people who participated in the August 19-20 event have become sick. Their symptoms were so severe, ranging from skin rashes to vomiting, that it prompted the county health department to issue an advisory. “The Tough Mudder race involved extensive skin exposure to mud. Most affected persons have pustular rash [rashes with pus-filled blisters], fever, myalgias [muscle pain], and headache,” the August 23 advisory from the Sonoma County Department of Health Services said. However, the advisory continued that the symptoms could have a wide range of causes — some potentially deadly, although there have been no reports of fatalities from the Sonoma County event. “These symptoms could be indicative of a minor illness called Swimmers’ Itch, but they can also indicate a staph infection or other more serious bacterial infection such as Aeromonas.” Swimmer’s Itch is caused by microscopic parasites in water, according to the CDC, and while uncomfortable, can usually be treated at home with corticosteroid cream. Some participants in the Sonoma County Tough Mudder experienced rashes and fevers. Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Staph infections, however, can turn deadly, the Mayo Clinic says. While symptoms vary, staph usually presents with pus-filled boils, impetigo (a painful rash), and cellulitis. If the staph bacteria enters the bloodstream, it can cause a deep infection known as bacteremia, which can impact internal organs, and muscles. While staph is generally treated with antibiotics, the Mayo Clinic points out that antibiotic-resistant strains of staph may require intravenous antibiotics. And according to the National Institute of Health, Aeromonas is caused by “opportunistic bacteria” that generally live in water, and possess a “wide spectra of antibiotic resistance.” The CDC says California is the first state to mandate reporting of Aeromonas infections. “Bloodstream infections caused by Aeromonas tend to be very severe and progress rapidly,” the National Institute of Health has said. “While the overall frequency of Aeromonas as a cause of … bacteremia is low, Aeromonas bacteremia has a high fatality rate.” The Sonoma County health department also advised: “If you participated in the race and have a rash with fever or other symptoms, please see your medical provider or, if you do not have a medical provider, your local emergency department. You may wish to take this Advisory with you. Incubation period is 12 to 48 hours.” A representative for Tough Mudder said in a statement to PEOPLE that all participants and spectators from the event have been contacted and urged to seek medical attention if they are experiencing any symptoms. Additionally, they are working closely with the County of Sonoma Health Services to investigate the matter. “As it has been for the thousands of races we have put on for millions of racers across the globe, the health and safety of the Tough Mudder community is always our top priority,” the statement said. “All necessary protocols were followed in preparation for, and during, the event. Our thoughts are with those affected and we are actively investigating to understand exactly what occurred.” PEOPLE has reached back out to Tough Mudder for further comment.

Amoxicillin Treatment for Syphilis: Can an Old Drug Learn a New Trick?

The CDC reports that syphilis cases have increased among males and females, in all regions of the United States, and in all age groups, including congenital syphilis. In 2021, there were 176,713 cases, representing a 28.6% increase from 2020.1 Intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) is widely recommended2-3 as the first-line treatment for primary, secondary, latent and tertiary syphilis without CNS involvement, with reported success rates of 90-100%.4 Although not mentioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) and CDC guidelines, oral amoxicillin is included in the Japanese and United Kingdom guidelines. For early syphilis, amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily is a first-line option in the Japanese guidelines5, whereas amoxicillin 500 mg four times daily plus probenecid 500 mg four times daily is an alternative in the United Kingdom guidelines.6 Ando et al conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial to assess the non-inferiority of two amoxicillin-based regimens for the syphilis treatment at a single center in Japan. Patients with HIV, age ≥20 years, and diagnosed with syphilis by positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) and a positive rapid plasma regain (RPR) test were included. Positive RPR titers were defined as the following: an RPR titer greater than 8, an RPR titer equal to 8 with clinical symptoms compatible of primary or secondary syphilis, or at least a 4-fold rise in RPR titer. Pregnant and lactating individuals and patients with neurosyphilis were excluded from the study. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily (Japanese guideline dosage) or amoxicillin 1000 mg plus probenecid 250 mg three times daily. In both groups, patients with early syphilis received a 14-day course while patients with late syphilis received a 28-day course. Follow up visits were conducted at 3,6,9 and 12 months after treatment. The primary outcome was serological cure rate at 12 months, defined as a four-fold decrease or negative conversion in RPR titer by the conventional test, using per protocol analysis. The non-inferiority margin was 10%. Self-reported medication adherence and adverse effects including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, drug allergy, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions were assessed at the second visit. Between August 2018 and February 2022, a total of 112 patients were enrolled. All study participants identified as male, the median age was 39, and 97% of participants were Asian. The majority of patients took antiretroviral therapy (91%) and had HIV viral load <200 copies/mL (84.8%). The median RPR titer at diagnosis was 64 (IQR 32-128) and the majority of patients had early syphilis. Four patients that missed follow up appointments due to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders were excluded from analysis at the applicable timepoints. Amoxicillin monotherapy did not demonstrate non-inferiority to amoxicillin/probenecid for serological cure rate at 12 months (Table). Similar trends were confirmed with automated RPR testing. No significant differences between adverse effects or medication adherence were observed; 105 participants (93.8%) reported taking more than 95% of the regimen. Advertisement This study describes the effectiveness of amoxicillin-based regimens with similar observed effectiveness to first-line syphilis therapies including BPG and doxycycline. 4.8 As a low-cost oral regimen, amoxicillin with probenecid may provide advantages for select patients. Medication adherence to a multiday amoxicillin regimen is crucial, compared to single-dose or weekly intramuscular BPG administered by a healthcare professional. Alternative treatment options are particularly vital when managing medication shortages and as of April 2023 there is an ongoing shortage of BPG in the United States due to increased demand for the medication. The CDC has issued guidance to prioritize BPG supply for patients with no alternative treatment options: pregnant people with syphilis and babies with congenital syphilis.3 Of note, the probenecid dose used in this study varies from recommendations in the UK guideline and package insert. 6,7 Probenecid inhibits tubular secretion of penicillin and subsequently increases penicillin serum concentration.7 While treponemicidal amoxicillin serum concentrations have been described6, this study did not assess medication concentration levels in participants. Further prospective studies of amoxicillin/probenecid regimens for syphilis treatment in people without HIV and women should be conducted to optimize the dosing regimen and demonstrate safety and effectiveness in a diverse patient population. Article Citation: Ando, N., Mizushima, D., Omata, K., et al. Combination of Amoxicillin 3,000 mg and Probenecid versus 1,500 mg Amoxicillin Monotherapy for Treating Syphilis in Patients with HIV: an Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 May 9;ciad278. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad278. Online ahead of print. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 16). National Overview of STDs, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2021/overview.htm#Syphilis Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 Guidelines for the management of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections. (2021). World Health Organization. Clement ME, Okeke NL, and Hicks CB. Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014 Nov 12;312(18):1905-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13259. Japanese Society for Sexually Transmitted Infections. The Japanese STI diagnosis and treatment guidelines [in Japanese]. 2016. http://jssti.umin.jp/pdf/guideline-2016_v2.pdf Kingston, M., French, P., Higgins, S., et al. UK national guidelines on the management of syphilis 2015. Int J STD AIDS. 2016 May;27(6):421-46. doi:10.1177/0956462415624059. Epub 2015 Dec 31. Probenecid [package insert]. Lannett Company Inc; Philadelphia (PA): July 2012 Dai T, Qu R, Liu J, Zhou P, Wang Q. Efficacy of Doxycycline in the Treatment of Syphilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Dec 27;61(1):e01092-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01092-16.

Opinion | Eva’s full but too-short life leaves a lasting legacy of love

Eva was born with CDG, a condition you are unlikely to have heard of. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation is the collective term for a large group of rare and complex genetic, metabolic diseases which affect all parts of the body, including the brain. Diagnosis is a devastating moment for any parent – it all but guarantees that your child will face continual, grievous challenges, require round-the-clock care, and have a shortened lifespan. Symptoms in infancy include low muscle tone, poor growth, developmental delays, seizures and stroke-like episodes and heart problems. There is much to come to terms with. My dear cousin Jill and her husband Paul went through this anguished process following the birth of Eva. They were forced to rethink their hopes and expectations for her, and to reconstruct their lives around her care. Tough days and great sacrifice lay ahead. They did all this willingly, and with deep love and dedication. Despite her profound disabilities, Eva had a full and fulfilling existence. She rode horses and made trips to the beach in a specially built wheelchair. She attended and enjoyed school. She and her younger sisters, twins Sofia and Iona, were as close as siblings can be. Eva passed away on August 8, at the age of 12. Last week, I travelled to Cambridgeshire, where Jill and her family live, for the funeral. Ahead of time, I was dreading it – the loss of a child, even the thought of it, is unthinkably painful. As I hugged Jill – what to say? – I stupidly asked how she was doing. “Oh, you know…” she replied, before adding gently, “Well, you don’t, and I hope you never do.” I felt my heart break. A funeral entirely at one with nature Eva’s funeral was an occasion I will never forget, though not only for the reasons you can imagine. It took place deep in the Cambridgeshire countryside, at the Barton Woodland Burial Ground, which covers almost 40 acres. More than 20,000 trees have been planted there, including oak, ash, lime, wild cherry and silver birch. Birds chirp and butterflies flit among the flowers as the breeze blows softly through the branches. There are no gravestones or monuments – only biodegradable wooden plaques on the ground. It feels like a subtle, serene, sylvan heaven. Flowers and trees make the Barton Woodland Burial Ground a peaceful place to be (Image: Picasa) Appropriately, the entire funeral was at one with nature. Eva arrived in a small, electric hearse, and lay in a woven casket. The service was held in a wooden, chalet-style building, led by a humanist celebrant, and interspersed with readings from those who had known and loved Eva best. There were lots of tears, but also many smiles amid the reflections – how she had her mother’s sparkling blue eyes and her father’s wide, warming smile, how visitors to the house would be expected to pay court to “Queen Eva” until they were dismissed, how her belly laugh would fill the room – and, oh, how she loved to laugh. Eva had lessons to teach us all Like all children, she could be naughty: she was never happier than when playing with her sisters, though if they got too big for their boots, she would tug their hair to remind them who was boss. She bore the traumas of her condition, the seizures and hospital visits, with fortitude, and lived in and for the moment. Eva had lessons to teach us all – we who constantly fret over trivial, passing matters, so often missing the larger point of things. Her six-year-old sisters sat beside her, in shining yellow sundresses, on this final journey Throughout the afternoon, Jill and Paul showed a dignity and bravery that I found almost unfathomable – and when Jill addressed us all, it was with a mother’s raw heartbreak coupled with immense pride in and love for her daughter. Then Eva was placed on an open, flower-strewn carriage and pulled to her place of rest by a great, white horse. Her six-year-old sisters sat beside her, in shining yellow sundresses, on this final journey, as the rest of us walked behind, the only sounds our footsteps, the trundle of the wheels and the occasional equine neigh. An astonishing outpouring of love Within an hour of the funeral’s end, I was on a train back to Scotland, gazing through the window and struggling to absorb the immensity of the experience. I thought of my excitement whenever I used to make childhood visits to see Jill and her brother Nicky. They were my glamorous, slightly older cousins: Jill sharp and beautiful and funny, Nicky cool and dry, with an enviable array of Marvel comics and an impressive record collection. I always wanted to be more like them. Geographical distance means we don’t see each other as often as I’d like these days, but I still look up to them. I thought of how the young girl that was Jill would eventually have to find the strength to cope with the heavy demands caused by Eva’s condition, what she’d have to set aside of her own aspirations and ambitions. I tried to comprehend that one day, unbearably, she’d have to bury a daughter of her own. But, most of all, I thought of the astonishing outpouring of love in that small, wooden chalet, of those lucky enough to have known Eva well, and whose lives were forever changed by her – not just friends and family, but her carers and NHS workers. This sharing of love is what truly matters, the only worthwhile legacy we leave behind. For this, despite her poor, damaged body and too-short life, I will forever remember Eva as a superhero. Chris Deerin is a leading journalist and commentator who heads independent, non-party think tank, Reform Scotland

City leaders urge employees to give blood

Albertville city employees will earn extra time off if they participate in a blood drive next week. During a city council meeting Monday night, Albertville City Councilmen granted additional vacation hours to any employee who participates in the annual Albertville vs. Boaz blood drive. The drive will he held Aug. 29 from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. at the Albertville Depot, and at the Boaz Rec Center on Aug. 30 during the same hours. In other business, councilmembers also: • Postponed a public hearing for a request from Beck Holdings LLC to rezone property on South Broad Street from R-1 to R-8. The rezoning would allow the developer to build four garden homes on the property. However, nearby neighbors voiced concerns over increased traffic and having four driveways coming out onto the street in a small area, said Mayor Tracy Honea. “It will be easier to try to come to some type of resolution now while it is in the planning stages than it will be later on when construction starts,” he said. The closest cross street to the property is Bobo Street. The public hearing will be rescheduled. • Approved a resolution to purchase property at 319 White Oak Road at a cost of $200,000 for future expansion at the Albertville Regional Airport and authorized Honea to sign all necessary documents. • Approved a resolution for the Transportation Plan. The plan is part of the Rebuild Alabama Act. City leaders anticipate an allocation from the Rebuild Alabama Act fund of approximately $125,250 with increasing allocations for upcoming fiscal years. The funds received will be used to fund maintenance and improvement of city roads, including the resurfacing of Lexington Avenue, Vickie Drive and Northridge Trace. The council will next meet Sept. 11. The meeting was moved from its usual first Monday of the month due to the Labor Day holiday. The meeting begins at 6:30 p.m. in the Council Chambers at City Hall.

Modifiable risk factors found to be responsible for half of cardiovascular diseases

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Scientists of the Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium under the auspices of the Department of Cardiology at the University Heart & Vascular Center of the Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) have proven that the five classic cardiovascular risk factors—excess weight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes mellitus—are directly connected to more than half of all cardiovascular diseases worldwide. High blood pressure is the most significant factor for the occurrence of heart attacks and strokes. The study’s results were published August 26 in the New England Journal of Medicine and are based on the data from 1.5 million persons from 34 countries. Cardiovascular diseases cause approximately a third of all deaths worldwide. They often develop silently over decades. Frequently without being recognized, the vascular walls change, giving rise to arteriosclerosis, in the wake of which coronary heart disease may occur, including complications such as heart attacks, acute cardiac death, or strokes. “Our study clearly shows that over half of all heart attacks and strokes are avoidable by checking and treating the classic risk factors. These results are of the highest significance for strengthening prevention in this area. At the same time, approximately 45% of all cardiovascular cases cannot be explained with these risk factors; they should motivate us and the academic funders to further research efforts,” says Professor Doctor Stefan Blankenberg, the medical director of the University Heart & Vascular Center at the UKE. The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium assessed the individual-level data of 1.5 million persons who took part in 112 cohort studies and originate from the eight geographical regions North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Russia, North Africa and the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Australia. The objective of the study was to gain a better understanding of the global distribution, the significance of the individual risk factors and their effects on cardiovascular diseases, and overall mortality in order to derive targeted preventive measures. “In principle, the five classic risk factors that we examined are modifiable, and thus responsive to preventive measures. So far, the proportion of preventable risk attributed to these five risk factors is still matter of debate,” lead author and associate professor Dr. Christina Magnussen, Department of Cardiology at the University Heart & Vascular Center of the UKE, explains. Regional differences in risk factors The study showed differences in the eight global regions regarding the frequency of the risk factors. The scientists saw the highest rates for overweight in Latin America, and the highest values for high blood pressure and high cholesterol in Europe. The risk factor smoking is particularly decisive in Latin America and Eastern Europe, diabetes mellitus in North Africa and in the Middle East. All five risk factors combined (excess weight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes mellitus) amount to 57.2% of women’s cardiovascular risk and to 52.6% of men’s. Thus, a substantial share of cardiovascular risk remains unexplained. In comparison, the five risk factors merely account for about 20% of the risk to die (overall mortality). Furthermore, the study also clearly shows a linear relation between high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The higher the values, the higher the likelihood of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. This result applies to all examined regions in the world. The scientists also identified a remarkable connection between cholesterol levels and overall mortality: Very low as well as high cholesterol levels increase overall mortality. The significance of all risk factors decreases with age; e.g., high blood pressure is more damaging to a 40 year old than an 80 year old. The body mass index (BMI) is the only exception and remains equally significant at any age. “This raises the question to which extent the target values for treating cardiovascular risk factors for the most elderly should be identical with those for the middle to older age bracket,” says Professor Blankenberg. Study identifies extensive range of starting points for preventive measures The study provides an extensive dataset to avoid cardiovascular diseases or reduce their effects for at-risk persons, or patients with cardiovascular diseases, by improving their lifestyle and by lowering blood pressure or cholesterol. “High systolic blood pressure accounts for the largest share of cardiovascular risk. We should place a particular focus on the therapy of patients with high blood pressure to avoid cardiovascular diseases as much as possible,” says associate professor Dr. Magnussen. More information: Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality, New England Journal of Medicine (2023). DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206916 Provided by Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Citation: Modifiable risk factors found to be responsible for half of cardiovascular diseases (2023, August 28) retrieved 28 August 2023 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-factors-responsible-cardiovascular-diseases.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.